Collaborative Research: The genomics of adaptation in experimental yeast populations during short and long-term selection on invasive growth

合作研究：实验酵母种群在入侵生长的短期和长期选择过程中适应的基因组学

• 批准号: 1019753
• 负责人: Paul Magwene
• 金额: $ 57.19万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1019753&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; genomics; adaptation; experimental

How populations change genetically and adapt to environmental conditions is a fundamental issue in evolutionary biology, plant and animal breeding, and disease. Such genetic changes occur on two time scales. In the short term, selection acts on existing genetic variation. On longer time scales, adaptation requires the input and selection of new mutations. New genome-sequencing technologies make it possible to observe directly the genome-wide genetic changes that occur during response to novel environmental conditions. The project will study the genetic basis of adaptation during selection for invasive growth, a trait that is an important aspect of fungal virulence, in populations of the model microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). New technologies for sequencing and analyzing genomes will be used to identify loci that contribute to variation for invasive growth, to study changes in allele frequencies, and to identify novel mutations that occur during selection.This study will provide new information about how genome-wide genetic composition both influences and is influenced by evolution in controlled, reproducible experiments that focus on a fungal trait that is ecologically important and related to emergence of pathogenicity. This project will furnish an excellent case study for public education on evolution, the interactions between random and predictable processes in evolution, and the direct relevance of evolution to human health. Research and outreach activities will provide interdisciplinary and quantitative training opportunities in laboratory experimentation, population genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics for graduate students, undergraduates, and high school students.

种群如何在遗传上改变并适应环境条件是进化生物学，动植物繁殖以及疾病的基本问题。 这种遗传变化发生在两个时间尺度上。在短期内，选择作用于现有的遗传变异。在较长的时间尺度上，适应需要输入和选择新突变。 新的基因组测序技术使得可以直接观察到对新的环境条件反应期间发生的全基因组遗传变化。该项目将在选择侵入性生长期间研究适应的遗传基础，这是真菌毒力的一个重要方面的特征，在模型微生物糖含量的酿酒酵母（Baker's酵母）中。测序和分析基因组的新技术将用于识别有助于侵入性生长变化，研究等位基因频率变化的基因座，并确定选择过程中发生的新型突变。这项研究将提供有关全基因组遗传的新信息组成既有影响，也受到受控的，可再现的实验的进化，该实验的重点是生态重要的真菌性状，与致病性的出现有关。该项目将为公共教育提供一项出色的案例研究，有关进化的公共教育，进化中随机和可预测过程之间的相互作用以及进化与人类健康的直接相关性。 研究和外展活动将为研究生，本科生和高中生提供实验室实验，人群遗传学，基因组学和生物信息学的跨学科和定量培训机会。