Dissertation Research: Variation in the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant resistance to herbivores

论文研究：菌根真菌对植物抗食草动物影响的变化

• 批准号: 1010571
• 负责人: Mark Hunter
• 金额: $ 1.45万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1010571&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Variation; effects; mycorrhizal

Intellectual merit: Nearly all biological organisms form partnerships with other species in which they trade resources or services: such partnerships are called mutualisms. Mutualisms incur costs as well as provide benefits to the organisms involved and the net outcome of the partnerships can vary from positive (mutualistic) to negative (parasitic). Quantifying the costs and benefits of resource exchange within mutualisms is required to predict shifts in the outcome of these interactions under a range of environmental conditions. One of the most common mutualisms on earth occurs between the roots of plants and certain fungi that live in soil. The fungi provide essential nutrients to plants, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, while plants provide the fungi with sugars in return. As these resources are traded, it can influence other organisms in the environment, such as the insects that feed on plants. At present, scientists are unable to predict how the outcome of plant-fungal partnerships will vary with the identity and abundance of the fungi in soil and the genetics of the plants. The proposed work will manipulate the identity and abundance of the partners in plant-fungus mutualisms and measure how resources are traded between them. By studying how well the partners perform, the project will help scientists understand how partnerships form and dissolve in nature.Broader impacts: Scientists have yet to develop realistic theories of how mutualisms work, despite the fact that they are extremely common in nature. Results from this work will be broadly applied by ecologists and evolutionary biologists who work on many different kinds of organisms throughout the world. Moreover, results gained from studying mutualisms between plants and fungi can be used in a wide variety of human endeavors including agricultural and forest production, the restoration of degraded environments, the prediction and management of environmental change, and the management of invasive species. Additionally, mutualistic partnerships in nature are mimics of economic partnerships among human institutions in which goods and services are traded, and the results will apply across human and natural systems. During the work described here, scientists from a range of social and ethnic backgrounds will be trained in the methods of science. Finally, results from this work will be transmitted to local, national and international audiences through publications and presentations.

智力优点：几乎所有的生物生物都与其他物种进行交易资源或服务的物种建立了伙伴关系：这种伙伴关系称为互助。互助成本以及为所涉及的生物提供的好处，伙伴关系的净结果可能从积极（相互主义）到负面（寄生）。 需要量化互惠中资源交换的成本和收益，以预测在一系列环境条件下这些相互作用的结果的转变。 地球上最常见的互助之一发生在植物的根和生活在土壤中的某些真菌之间。 真菌为植物（例如磷和氮）提供必需的营养，而植物为真菌提供了糖的回报。 由于交易这些资源，它会影响环境中的其他生物，例如以植物为食的昆虫。 目前，科学家无法预测植物 - 真菌伙伴关系的结果如何随土壤中真菌和植物遗传学的身份和丰度而变化。拟议的工作将操纵合作伙伴在植物联邦互助中的身份和丰富性，并衡量它们之间的资源如何交易。 通过研究合作伙伴的表现，该项目将帮助科学家了解自然界的伙伴关系如何形成和溶解。 这项工作的结果将由生态学家和进化生物学家广泛应用，这些生物学家从事世界各地的许多生物的工作。 此外，从研究植物和真菌之间的互助中获得的结果可以用于各种各样的人类努力，包括农业和森林生产，恢复降解环境，对环境变化的预测和管理以及对入侵物种的管理。 此外，自然界中的相互伙伴关系是对商品和服务进行交易的人类机构之间的经济伙伴关系的模仿，结果将适用于人类和自然系统。 在此处描述的工作中，将培训来自各种社会和种族背景的科学家。最后，这项工作的结果将通过出版物和演讲传输到本地，国家和国际观众。