Galaxies at Redshifts z~2: The Apex of Galaxy Formation

红移 z~2 处的星系：星系形成的顶点

• 批准号: 1009452
• 负责人: Desika Narayanan
• 金额: $ 77.07万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-15 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1009452&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Galaxies; Redshifts; Apex; Galaxy; Formation

The Principal Investigator and collaborators in this project will combine three sophisticated computer codes in order to simulate the properties of galaxies at redshifts around 2 (approximately 10 billion years ago). These codes are (1) Arepo, an unstructured-adaptive-mesh hydrodynamics code based on Voronoi tessellations; (2) Sunrise, a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code that calculates spectral energy distributions from ultraviolet to millimeter wavelengths for galaxies with stellar and nonthermal sources modulated by scattering and absorption; and (3) Turtlebeach, a similar radiative transfer code that calculates molecular spectral line emission. The team will use these coupled codes to create a library of hydrodynamic simulations of isolated, evolving, and merging galaxies. They will then fold the resulting models through estimates of cosmological merger rates and merging histories obtained through semi-analytic and numerical methods. This strategy will make it possible to connect physical mechanisms operating on scales of tens of parsecs to observations from large-scale galaxy surveys. The goals of the project are (1) to construct a physically motivated unified model for the diverse "zoo" of high redshift galaxies, including galaxy populations expected to be discovered in deep surveys by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, the James Webb Space Telescope, and the Herschel Space Telescope; (2) to assess the cosmological significance of the various high redshift galaxy populations, and determine the dominant contributors to cosmic stellar mass assembly and the far infrared background; and (3) to develop tools for observers based on a physical understanding of high-redshift galaxies and a critical assessment of the applicability of locally-calibrated diagnostics. The project will support a postdoctoral researcher and a graduate student, who will be mentored and trained by the Principal Investigator. The proposers will make public for the community expected luminosity functions for ALMA, JWST and Herschel deep fields in advance of these surveys. They will also conduct a series of 1-hour lectures as part of a continuing education program for senior citizens.

该项目的主要研究人员和合作者将结合三个复杂的计算机代码，以模拟在2亿年前（大约100亿年前）的红移中星系的特性。这些代码是（1）AREPO，这是一种基于Voronoi Tessellations的非结构化自适应网格流体动力学代码； （2）日出，一种蒙特卡洛辐射转移代码，该代码从紫外线到毫米波长计算光谱能量分布，用于散射和吸收的恒星和非热源的星系。 （3）Turtlebeach，这是一种计算分子光谱线发射的类似辐射转移代码。团队将使用这些耦合代码来创建一个隔离，不断发展和合并星系的流体动力模拟库。然后，他们将通过估计宇宙合并速率和通过半分析和数值方法获得的历史来折叠所得模型。该策略将使可以将基于数十帕萨克的尺度运行的物理机制与大规模星系调查的观察结果联系起来。该项目的目标是（1）为高红移星系的各种“动物园”构建一个有力动机的统一模型，包括预计将在Atacama大型毫米阵列，James Webb太空望远镜和Herschel Space望远镜的Atacama大型毫米阵列中发现的星系人群。 （2）评估各种高红移星系种群的宇宙学意义，并确定宇宙恒星质量组装和远红外背景的主要贡献者； （3）基于对高红移星系的物理理解以及对本地校准诊断的适用性的批判性评估，为观察者开发工具。该项目将支持博士后研究员和研究生，该研究生将由首席研究员进行指导和培训。提议者将在这些调查之前公开为Alma，JWST和Herschel Deep领域的亮度功能公开。他们还将进行一系列1小时的讲座，作为对老年人继续教育计划的一部分。