Collaborative Research: A Laboratory Experimental Study of Astronomical Dust Analogs at Ultraviolet-Visible Wavelengths

合作研究：紫外-可见波长天文尘埃类似物的实验室实验研究

• 批准号: 1008330
• 负责人: Anne Hofmeister
• 金额: $ 4.71万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1008330&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Laboratory; Experimental; Study

AST-1009544/1008330/1009113Pitman/Hofmeister/SpeckUnderstanding the nature and formation of cosmic dust is crucial to our understanding of the Universe. The absorption, scattering, and re-emission of light by cosmic dust has a profound effect on the interpretation of observed spectral signatures and radiative transfer processes in a variety of astronomical objects. Dust is crucial to star formation processes, and understanding the dust at high redshift is vital to cosmological models and dark energy studies. To account properly for energy budgets in astrophysical environments requires an understanding of the physical properties of the dust, gained from several types of laboratory data: (1) absorbance spectra, which can be compared to observational spectra, and (2) reflectivity spectra, which may be used to derive (3) optical functions. However, quality laboratory data are not available for many of the compounds believed to exist in space, particularly at ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) wavelengths. This project will provide all three forms of UV-vis laboratory data for a suite of solid-state materials found in meteorites and in the condensation sequence. The major goals are: (1) Determine the spectral behavior of selected silicates, sulfides, oxides, glasses, and other materials that may be present in space; (2) Determine optical functions for these materials; and (3) Apply these data to outstanding questions in astronomy, and make all of the data available to the astronomical community.This research will broaden the participation of under-represented groups and enhance the infrastructure for research and education. The synergistic, cross-disciplinary study involves scientists in astrophysics, mineral physics, and planetary science, using laboratory, observational, and theoretical modeling techniques. Laboratory fundamental research for astrophysics is at a critical stage and this work will train new U.S. researchers and students in this area, matching personnel with underutilized but available equipment. The female lead researchers are all strong role models for women in science, and have strong histories of public outreach and active mentorship of undergraduate, graduate, and K-12 students.

AST-1009544/1008330/1009113PITMAN/HOFMEISTER/SPECKUNDEND宇宙灰尘的性质和形成对于我们对宇宙的理解至关重要。 宇宙尘埃对光的吸收，散射和重新排放对观察到的光谱特征和各种天文学物体中观察到的光谱特征和辐射转移过程的解释具有深远的影响。 灰尘对于恒星形成过程至关重要，并且了解高红移的灰尘对于宇宙学模型和暗能量研究至关重要。 为了正确考虑天体物理环境中的能量预算，需要了解从几种类型的实验室数据中获得的灰尘的物理性质：（1）可以将其与观察光谱进行比较的吸光度光谱，以及（2）可用于衍生的反射率光谱（3）。 但是，对于许多认为存在于太空中的化合物，尤其是在紫外线和可见的（UV-VIS）波长中，许多化合物都无法获得高质量的实验室数据。 该项目将提供所有三种形式的UV-VIS实验室数据，用于在陨石和冷凝序列中发现的一组固态材料。 主要目标是：（1）确定可能存在于太空中的硅酸盐，硫化物，氧化物，玻璃和其他材料的光谱行为； （2）确定这些材料的光学功能； （3）将这些数据应用于天文学的杰出问题，并将所有数据提供给天文学界。这项研究将扩大代表性不足的群体的参与并增强研究和教育的基础设施。 使用实验室，观察和理论建模技术，协同，跨学科研究涉及天体物理学，矿物质物理学和行星科学的科学家。 实验室的天体物理学基础研究处于关键阶段，这项工作将培训该领域的新的美国研究人员和学生，使人员与未充分利用但可用的设备相匹配。 女性首席研究人员都是科学女性的强大榜样，并且拥有公众外展和积极的本科，研究生和K-12学生的积极指导的历史。