Collaborative Research: A Laboratory Experimental Study of Astronomical Dust Analogs at Ultraviolet-Visible Wavelengths

合作研究：紫外-可见波长天文尘埃类似物的实验室实验研究

• 批准号: 1008330
• 负责人: Anne Hofmeister
• 金额: $ 4.71万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1008330&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Laboratory; Experimental; Study

AST-1009544/1008330/1009113Pitman/Hofmeister/SpeckUnderstanding the nature and formation of cosmic dust is crucial to our understanding of the Universe. The absorption, scattering, and re-emission of light by cosmic dust has a profound effect on the interpretation of observed spectral signatures and radiative transfer processes in a variety of astronomical objects. Dust is crucial to star formation processes, and understanding the dust at high redshift is vital to cosmological models and dark energy studies. To account properly for energy budgets in astrophysical environments requires an understanding of the physical properties of the dust, gained from several types of laboratory data: (1) absorbance spectra, which can be compared to observational spectra, and (2) reflectivity spectra, which may be used to derive (3) optical functions. However, quality laboratory data are not available for many of the compounds believed to exist in space, particularly at ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) wavelengths. This project will provide all three forms of UV-vis laboratory data for a suite of solid-state materials found in meteorites and in the condensation sequence. The major goals are: (1) Determine the spectral behavior of selected silicates, sulfides, oxides, glasses, and other materials that may be present in space; (2) Determine optical functions for these materials; and (3) Apply these data to outstanding questions in astronomy, and make all of the data available to the astronomical community.This research will broaden the participation of under-represented groups and enhance the infrastructure for research and education. The synergistic, cross-disciplinary study involves scientists in astrophysics, mineral physics, and planetary science, using laboratory, observational, and theoretical modeling techniques. Laboratory fundamental research for astrophysics is at a critical stage and this work will train new U.S. researchers and students in this area, matching personnel with underutilized but available equipment. The female lead researchers are all strong role models for women in science, and have strong histories of public outreach and active mentorship of undergraduate, graduate, and K-12 students.

AST-1009544/1008330/1009113Pitman/Hofmeister/Speck了解宇宙尘埃的性质和形成对于我们理解宇宙至关重要。 宇宙尘埃对光的吸收、散射和再发射对于解释各种天体中观测到的光谱特征和辐射传输过程具有深远的影响。 尘埃对于恒星形成过程至关重要，了解高红移的尘埃对于宇宙学模型和暗能量研究至关重要。 为了正确解释天体物理环境中的能量预算，需要了解尘埃的物理特性，这些物理特性是从几种类型的实验室数据中获得的：(1) 吸收光谱，可以与观测光谱进行比较，(2) 反射光谱，可以与观测光谱进行比较。可用于导出(3)光学函数。 然而，对于许多被认为存在于太空中的化合物，尤其是在紫外线和可见光 (UV-vis) 波长下，尚无高质量的实验室数据。 该项目将为陨石和凝结序列中发现的一套固态材料提供所有三种形式的紫外可见实验室数据。 主要目标是：（1）确定选定的硅酸盐、硫化物、氧化物、玻璃和其他可能存在于太空中的材料的光谱行为； (2) 确定这些材料的光学功能； （3）将这些数据应用于天文学中的突出问题，并将所有数据提供给天文学界。这项研究将扩大代表性不足群体的参与，并加强研究和教育的基础设施。 这项协同、跨学科的研究涉及天体物理学、矿物物理学和行星科学领域的科学家，利用实验室、观测和理论建模技术。 天体物理学实验室基础研究正处于关键阶段，这项工作将培训该领域的新美国研究人员和学生，为人员配备未充分利用但可用的设备。 女性首席研究人员都是科学界女性的榜样，并且在公共宣传和积极指导本科生、研究生和 K-12 学生方面有着悠久的历史。