CAREER: Increasing the use of imaging geodesy for studies of tectonics, volcanoes, and glaciers

职业：增加成像大地测量学在构造、火山和冰川研究中的应用

• 批准号: 0955547
• 负责人: Matthew Pritchard
• 金额: $ 51.66万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0955547&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Increasing; use; imaging; geodesy

For centuries, measurement of the shape of the Earth (called the science of geodesy) was necessarily time consuming. Even with new technologies like the Global Positioning System (GPS), vast portions of the Earth remain infrequently monitored for movement. Over the past 17 years, a new form of geodesy has rapidly developed whereby satellite images can be compared to infer movements of the Earth's surface. Called imaging geodesy, the synoptic aircraft or satellite views allow large regions to be surveyed densely without any human setting foot in the area. Imaging geodesy encompasses several different types of methods including Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) as well as the automated comparison of SAR and optical images via the techniques of pixel or feature tracking. These techniques have allowed vast areas of the Earth's surface to be monitored frequently for deformation for the first time and led to discoveries in a variety of fields (including signals caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, glaciers, groundwater, and human-induced ground deformation). Imaging geodesy has the potential to become as ubiquitous a tool as seismology, but there have been several limitations. The problem of data access is diminishing thanks to the NSF-funded GeoEarthscope archive and other data access initiatives. A key current limitation to the widespread use of imaging geodesy is access to easy-to-use, but flexible software to process the data and knowledge for interpreting the results. While there are commercial and open source packages for imaging geodesy, none of them is yet fully functional and well documented for all applications. We will undertake an integrated program of research and education, focused on making new observations of ground deformation with imaging geodesy and expanding the community of users through improved software and documentation including a textbook geared towards undergraduates and a set of lectures and activities aligned with the textbook content. These research questions have intrinsic scientific merit for understanding geophysical processes, as well as practical applications like finding geothermal resources, and the causes of sea level rise. We will use newly available InSAR datasets (especially from the GeoEarthscope archive) to address two research questions: 1) What is the nature and distribution of magmatic fluids beneath the U.S. and Mexican Basin & Range Province, and how are they related to surface tectonics? 2) Have glacier velocities in Alaska increased in the last 2 decades, resulting in thinning of the ice and deformation of the solid Earth?

几个世纪以来，地球形状的测量（称为大地测量学）必然非常耗时。 即使采用了全球定位系统 (GPS) 等新技术，地球的大部分地区仍然很少受到运动监测。 在过去 17 年里，一种新形式的大地测量学迅速发展起来，通过比较卫星图像来推断地球表面的运动。 称为成像大地测量学，天气飞机或卫星视图允许对大片区域进行密集测量，而无需任何人涉足该区域。 成像大地测量包含多种不同类型的方法，包括干涉合成孔径雷达 (InSAR) 以及通过像素或特征跟踪技术自动比较 SAR 和光学图像。 这些技术首次使得地球表面大片区域的变形得以频繁监测，并在多个领域取得了重大发现（包括由地震、火山、山体滑坡、冰川、地下水和人为引起的地面变形引起的信号） ）。 成像大地测量学有潜力成为像地震学一样普遍的工具，但也存在一些局限性。 由于 NSF 资助的 GeoEarthscope 档案和其他数据访问计划，数据访问问题正在减少。 当前成像大地测量学广泛使用的一个关键限制是使用易于使用但灵活的软件来处理数据和知识以解释结果。 虽然有用于成像大地测量的商业和开源软件包，但它们都还没有功能齐全且针对所有应用程序都有详细记录。 我们将开展一项综合研究和教育计划，重点是利用成像大地测量学对地面变形进行新的观察，并通过改进的软件和文档（包括面向本科生的教科书以及与教科书一致的一系列讲座和活动）扩大用户群体内容。 这些研究问题对于理解地球物理过程以及寻找地热资源和海平面上升原因等实际应用具有内在的科学价值。我们将使用新提供的 InSAR 数据集（特别是来自 GeoEarthscope 档案）来解决两个研究问题：1）美国和墨西哥盆岭省下方岩浆流体的性质和分布是什么，它们与地表构造有何关系？ 2）过去20年阿拉斯加的冰川速度是否有所增加，导致冰层变薄和固体地球变形？