Doctoral Dissertation Research: Phonological and Phonetic Biases in Speech Perception

博士论文研究：语音感知中的语音和语音偏差

• 批准号: 0951846
• 负责人: John Kingston
• 金额: $ 0.95万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0951846&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Phonological; Phonetic

Our knowledge of the sound patterns in a language plays a key role in determining our perception of incoming speech. An important question for an accurate model of speech perception is how the auditory system and our knowledge of sound patterns interact. Do we first use our auditory system to perceive speech just like any other type of sound, and then later bring our knowledge of sound patterns found in the language to bear on it? Or do we apply our knowledge of the sound patterns immediately? According to the first view, the working of the auditory system itself cannot be influenced by our knowledge of linguistic patterns, but on the second view, it can. Under the direction of Dr. John Kingston, Mr. Michael Key will conduct identification and discrimination studies, as well as a priming experiment that measures certain potentials of the brain's electrical response, in order to investigate these questions. This dissertation research will assess whether the behavior associated with knowledge of a sound pattern corresponds to the activity of relatively late electrical activity in the brain, or whether it is also reflected in relatively early brain activity. Converging evidence from these various techniques bear directly on questions regarding the architecture of speech perception -- specifically whether linguistic knowledge is applied separately from general hearing or simultaneously with it. Several of the studies concern sound patterns in other languages and the role of a listener's linguistic experience, and will therefore be carried out at universities in France, Germany and the U.K. This project will help to establish new international partnerships for speech perception research comparing different language backgrounds. In addition, undergraduate students will be trained in the methods of speech perception research.

我们对语言声音模式的了解在决定我们对传入语音的感知方面起着关键作用。对于准确的语音感知模型来说，一个重要的问题是听觉系统和我们对声音模式的了解如何相互作用。我们是否首先使用我们的听觉系统来感知语音，就像任何其他类型的声音一样，然后将我们在语言中发现的声音模式知识应用于它？或者我们是否立即应用我们对声音模式的知识？根据第一种观点，听觉系统本身的工作不会受到我们对语言模式的了解的影响，但根据第二种观点，它可以。在约翰·金斯顿博士的指导下，迈克尔·基先生将进行识别和辨别研究，以及测量大脑电反应某些电位的启动实验，以研究这些问题。本论文研究将评估与声音模式知识相关的行为是否对应于大脑中相对较晚的电活动，或者是否也反映在相对较早的大脑活动中。来自这些不同技术的证据直接关系到有关语音感知结构的问题——特别是语言知识是与一般听力分开应用还是与一般听力同时应用。其中几项研究涉及其他语言的声音模式以及听者语言体验的作用，因此将在法国、德国和英国的大学进行。该项目将有助于建立新的国际合作伙伴关系，进行比较不同语言的语音感知研究背景。此外，本科生还将接受言语感知研究方法的培训。