COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Herbivory-Boosted Photosynthesis: Elicitors from Tupiocoris notatus Saliva Induce Changes in Plant Metabolism

合作研究：草食促进的光合作用：来自 Tupiocoris notatus 唾液的诱导子诱导植物代谢的变化

• 批准号: 0950227
• 负责人: Jason Hamilton
• 金额: $ 8.15万
• 依托单位: Ithaca College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0950227&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Herbivory; Boosted; Photosynthesis

Contrary to conventional wisdom, not all insect herbivores impose negative fitness consequences on their plant hosts and not all induced plant responses affect the attacking insects negatively. This project hypothesizes that the underlying recognition and signaling mechanisms of the plant are subject to a co-evolutionary arms race between plants and insects, so that specifically induced plant responses could be to the benefit/disadvantage of both sides; the responding plant and the herbivore manipulating the plant. Previous studies suggest the existence of compensatory regulation mechanisms that may specifically influence both primary and secondary metabolism to increase plant defense without decreasing photosynthesis and growth. This project will elucidate the function of induced changes in plant primary and secondary metabolism of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata when attacked by the mirid bug Tupiocoris notatus, evaluating fitness consequences for the plant and the insect and uncovering the underlying physiological mechanisms of those responses. Integrative functional analysis of plant responses to herbivory are used to understand the ecological mechanisms that drive plant-insect co-evolution. The manipulation of such a plant defense mechanism in crop and horticultural plants would allow the development of more sustainable, yet cost efficient methods of pest control. Moreover, identifying mechanisms that increase photosynthetic activity is a major opportunity to increase agricultural productivity. Broader ImpactsThe project's broader impacts involve the professional development of two young scientists and combine research foci of both laboratories, one of which focuses on the analysis of plant photosynthesis processes and the other on herbivore-induced plant defenses. Undergraduate students will be involved in all stages of the project and will be able to gain academic credit for their involvement in practical research courses in both academic institutions. The geographic proximity of Cornell and Ithaca College allows the students to take advantage of the research environments of both institutions. Under the framework and guidance of the new Molecular and Chemical Ecology Initiative of Cornell aspects of this project will be used to develop undergraduate and graduate educational curriculum. In addition to undergraduate education this project will include the training of a postdoctoral associate and a graduate student.

与传统的智慧相反，并非所有昆虫食草动物都会对其植物宿主造成负健身后果，而并非全部引起的植物反应会对攻击昆虫产生负面影响。该项目假设植物的基本识别和信号传导机制受植物和昆虫之间的共同进化武器竞赛，因此特定诱导的植物反应可能是双方的利益/缺点。响应的植物和草食动物操纵植物。先前的研究表明，存在代偿性调节机制，这些机制可能会特别影响原发性和次要代谢，以增加植物防御，而不会减少光合作用和生长。该项目将阐明野生烟草Nicotiana attenuata诱发的植物原发性和次要代谢的变化功能，当时受到mirid虫虫tupiocoris notatus的攻击，评估了植物和昆虫的适应性后果，并揭示了这些反应的潜在生理机制。植物对食草动物的反应的综合功能分析用于了解驱动植物体内共进化的生态机制。在农作物和园艺植物中操纵这种植物防御机制将允许开发更可持续但具有成本效益的害虫控制方法。此外，确定增加光合作用活动的机制是提高农业生产力的主要机会。更广泛的影响该项目的更广泛的影响涉及两位年轻科学家的专业发展，并结合了两个实验室的研究重点，其中一个侧重于分析植物光合作用过程，另一个侧重于草食动物引起的植物防御。本科生将参与该项目的各个阶段，并能够因参与两家学术机构的实践研究课程而获得学分。康奈尔大学和伊萨卡学院的地理距离使学生可以利用这两个机构的研究环境。在该项目康奈尔大学的新分子和化学生态学计划的框架和指导下，该项目将用于发展本科和研究生教育课程。除本科教育外，该项目还将包括对博士后同学和研究生的培训。