Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica

合作研究：DMSP 和相关化合物的生态生理学及其对南极棕囊藻碳和硫动态的贡献

• 批准号: 0944686
• 负责人: David Kieber
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944686&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecophysiology; DMSP; related

AbstractSpectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world's highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. Antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis? ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project.

南极洲罗斯海中南极洲的摘要的摘要是世界上一些最高浓度的二甲基磺基氟二丙酸酯（DMSP）及其挥发性降解产物二甲基硫化物（DMS）的来源。 DMS从海洋到该区域大气的通量及其随后的气相氧化产生的气溶胶对云特性和可能的​​气候有很大影响。在海洋中，DMS和DMSP是海洋食品网中碳，硫和能量流的定量显着成分，尤其是在罗斯海。尽管在罗斯海的碳和硫生物地球化学中具有核心作用，但令人惊讶的是，对于南极疟原虫中DMSP的生理功能知之甚少。该研究将隔离并表征来自南极疟原虫的DMSP裂解酶，目的是获得有关这些重要酶的氨基酸和基因序列信息。生理研究将集中于光合活性辐射的不同强度的影响，具有和没有紫外线辐射，因为这些因素是我们发现对DMSP和DMS动力学的重要控制。这项研究还将研究延长黑暗对南极疟原虫中DMSP和相关化合物动力学的影响，因为在黑暗的南极冬季和亚倍形深度上，该物种的存活似乎是Phaeocystis的重要组成部分？生态。这项工作的一个独特方面是，重点是测量细胞内MSA，如果检测到的，它将为体内自由基清除功能提供有力的甲基硫化合物的证据。该研究将促进对控制DMSP骑自行车以及最终从罗斯海的DMS排放的理解，并提供有关使南极疟原虫在这种极端环境中如此成功的信息。 这项研究将直接受益并建立在几个相互关联的海洋大气计划的基础上，包括国际地表海洋低气层研究（SOLAS）计划。 PI将通过Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall计划和SUNY ESF的主持人参加涉及K-12教育，高中教师培训，公共教育和播客的几项活动。将全职雇用两名研究生，并且将在该项目的一部分中培训六名大学生（每年2名）。