Individual and Situational Determinants of Psychophysiological Responses to Race-Based Discrimination

对种族歧视的心理生理反应的个体和情境决定因素

• 批准号: 0932268
• 负责人: Enrique Neblett
• 金额: $ 4.56万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0932268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Individual; Situational; Determinants; Psychophysiological; Responses

The proposed research examines individual and situational determinants of psychophysiological responses to race-based discrimination. The project consists of two components. The primary aim of the first component is to evaluate individual and situational determinants of cardiovascular and electromyographic responses to race-based discrimination analogues in a laboratory setting. The primary aim of the second component is to use ambulatory physiological monitoring to examine individual differences in psychophysiological responses to race-based discrimination in the field. Psychophysiological methods are used to attain these objectives.Intellectual MeritTo date, the majority of studies examining responses to race-based discrimination have focused primarily on individual determinants of responses to race-based discrimination and subjective data collected in a laboratory setting. The failure to consider how situational characteristics of race-based discrimination experiences also influence responses to these experiences lends itself to an incomplete and inaccurate picture of the underlying mechanisms that account for individual differences in responses to race-based discrimination. Reporter biases in subjective data are also problematic in studies of responses to race-based discrimination as participants can underestimate or exaggerate responses due to lack of awareness or social desirability. A final consideration is the fact that the majority of these studies have been conducted in laboratory settings, making it difficult to ascertain whether the findings in these studies generalize to real-world experiences of race-based discrimination. The proposed project uniquely addresses these shortcomings through the use of psychophysiological methods in laboratory and naturalistic settings and the consideration of situational correlates of race-based discrimination experiences. As such, the proposal seeks to increase basic knowledge about both the broader psychological and physiological impacts of race-based discrimination across settings.Broader ImpactsFunding of the proposed Starter Research Grant would result in the increased participation of underrepresented minorities in U.S. science. Underrepresented ethnic minority undergraduate and graduate students would receive state-of-the-art training in psychophysiological methods in preparation for industry and academic positions. Execution of the proposed research would also help to lay the foundation for a fledgling research program whose success will directly lead to the increased presence of underrepresented minorities at the undergraduate, graduate, and faculty levels.A second impact of the proposed research concerns African American health and well-being. Although the proposed research does not focus explicitly on health outcomes, it stands to enhance the agenda of the health disparities research literature which seeks to examine the role of race-based discrimination and other factors in African American and other racial and ethnic health disparities. The proposed research activities are consistent with ongoing efforts to: (1) identify psychosocial variables that have the potential to influence and reduce health disparities; (2) promote minority health; and (3) reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities involving cardiovascular illnesses and other diseases.

拟议的研究研究了对基于种族歧视的心理生理反应的个人和情况决定因素。该项目由两个组成部分组成。第一个组成部分的主要目的是评估在实验室环境中对基于种族的歧视类似物的心血管和肌电响应的个体和情况决定因素。第二部分的主要目的是使用卧床生理监测来检查对该领域基于种族歧视的心理生理反应的个体差异。心理生理方法用于实现这些目标。智能Meritto日期，大多数研究对基于种族歧视的反应的研究主要集中在对基于种族的歧视和实验室环境中收集的基于种族歧视和主观数据的响应的个体决定因素上。未能考虑基于种族的歧视经历的情境特征也会影响对这些经验的反应，这使其对基本机制的不完整和不准确的描述说明了基于种族歧视的响应的个体差异。在对基于种族的歧视的响应的研究中，主观数据中的记者偏见也存在问题，因为参与者由于缺乏意识或社会可取性而低估或夸张的反应。最终考虑的事实是，这些研究中的大多数是在实验室环境中进行的，因此很难确定这些研究中的发现是否概括为基于种族的歧视的现实经验。拟议的项目通过在实验室和自然主义环境中使用心理生理方法以及考虑基于种族的歧视经验的情境相关性来解决这些缺点。因此，该提案旨在提高人们对跨环境的基于种族歧视的更广泛的心理和生理影响的基本知识。Broader对拟议的入门研究赠款的影响将导致代表性不足的少数群体参与美国科学。代表性不足的少数民族本科生和研究生将接受心理生理方法的最先进培训，以准备行业和学术职位。拟议的研究的执行还将有助于为一项刚起步的研究计划奠定基础，该计划的成功将直接导致本科，研究生和教职员工的代表性不足的少数群体的存在增加。拟议的研究的第二个影响涉及非裔美国人的健康和福祉。尽管拟议的研究并未明确关注健康结果，但它旨在提高健康差异研究文献的议程，该文献旨在研究基于种族的歧视和其他因素在非裔美国人以及其他种族和其他种族和种族健康差异中的作用。拟议的研究活动与正在进行的努力一致：（1）确定具有影响和降低健康差异的社会心理变量； （2）促进少数民族健康； （3）减少并最终消除了涉及心血管疾病和其他疾病的健康差异。