REVSYS: Monographing a Model Clade of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Laccaria-Hydnangium

REVSYS：专论外生菌根真菌的模型分支：Laccaria-Hydnangium

• 批准号: 0929242
• 负责人: Gregory Mueller
• 金额: $ 4.13万
• 依托单位: Chicago Horticultural Society
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-05 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929242&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: REVSYS; Monographing; Model; Clade; Ectomycorrhizal

Ectomycorrhizal fungi play critical ecological roles in forests worldwide by forming beneficial symbiotic relationships with many kinds of trees. These symbiotic fungi absorb and transfer nutrients and water to the tree; as well, they reduce the incidence of root pathogens. In doing so they influence forest composition and succession, and certain of these fungi are routinely used in reforestation projects. However, many basic questions remain unanswered regarding the biology of the fungi that form ectomycorrhizae. Species of Laccaria and Hydnangium have been widely used as model taxa in research on this symbiotic relationship. Species in this group often form a major component of the fungal biota in forests dominated by Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Nothofagaceae, and Eucalyptus. Some species have been used extensively in experimental greenhouse and field studies of ectomycorrhizae. North American, European, and South American systematic treatments of Laccaria exist, and relatively much is now known about various aspects of the groups diversity and biology. However, knowledge of the group from Australasia is poor, identification tools and a world-wide taxonomic treatment do not exist, and further understanding of the biology of the Laccaria - Hydnangium group (e.g., relationships among species and overall diversity, geographic distribution, and host specificity on a global scale) remains stalled. This project address these critical questions by: (1) undertaking fieldwork in Australasia to complete sampling of ecological diversity, including studies of host tree specificity; (2) developing a rigorous classification of species relationships based upon DNA sequence data from both nuclear ribosomal markers and single-copy genes; (3) constructing web-based species-identification keys; and (4) completing a world monograph for the group that will be available in hard-copy and over the web. Collaboration and training are key aspects of this project. A postdoctoral associate will be involved with all aspects of the project, and the undergraduate student interns will gain valuable experience in collections-based research. Collaborators and their students in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea will participate in field work. The resulting monograph will be produced both in hardcopy and as a web-based tool with images and descriptive data linked to the phylogeny. Hard copy quick references (so-called "rapidFungi field guides") and other identification tools for particular geographic regions will also be produced, as these are popular and useful for students, citizen scientists, park rangers, and ecotourists. The data will be integrated into public education programs at the Field Museum that focus on biodiversity; including inclusion in the museum's electronic field-trip program.

外生菌根真菌通过与多种树木形成有益的共生关系，在全球森林中发挥着关键的生态作用。这些共生真菌吸收并将养分和水转移到树上。同样，它们减少了根病原体的发生率。 在这样做的过程中，它们会影响森林组成和继承，并且这些真菌中的某些经常用于造林项目。 但是，关于形成外生菌的真菌的生物学，许多基本问题仍未得到答复。 在这种共生关系的研究中，Laccaria和Hydnangium的种类已被广泛用作模型分类单元。 该组中的物种通常构成以皮纳纳科，fagaceae，nothofagaceae和桉树为主的森林中真菌生物群的主要组成部分。一些物种已广泛用于实验温室和外生菌的田间研究。 存在北美，欧洲和南美系统的LACCARIA系统治疗，现在已经知道了各个群体多样性和生物学的各个方面。 但是，从大洋洲对该群体的了解很差，识别工具和全球分类学治疗尚不存在，并且进一步了解Laccaria -Hydnangium组的生物学（例如，物种之间的关系以及整体多样性，地理分布和全球范围内的宿主特异性）仍然停滞不前）。该项目通过：（1）在澳大利亚进行实地调查，以完成生态多样性的取样，包括对宿主树特异性的研究； （2）基于来自核核糖体标记和单拷贝基因的DNA序列数据的严格分类； （3）构建基于网络的物种识别键； （4）为该小组完成世界专着，该专着将在硬拷贝和网络上提供。协作和培训是该项目的关键方面。博士后合伙人将参与该项目的各个方面，本科生实习生将在基于收藏的研究中获得宝贵的经验。 澳大利亚，新西兰和巴布亚新几内亚的合作者及其学生将参加现场工作。 所得的专着将在硬拷贝和基于网络的工具中生产，并具有与系统发育相关的图像和描述性数据。还将生产硬拷贝快速参考（所谓的“ RapidFungi现场指南”）和针对特定地理区域的其他识别工具，因为这些工具对学生，公民科学家，公园游骑兵和生态旅游师很受欢迎且有用。这些数据将集成到专注于生物多样性的现场博物馆的公共教育计划中；包括加入博物馆的电子野外旅行计划。