Collaborative Research: The M8.0 Pisco Peru Earthquake - A Benchmark Ground Failure Event for Remote Sensing and Data Archiving

合作研究：秘鲁皮斯科 M8.0 地震 - 遥感和数据存档的基准地面故障事件

• 批准号: 0928526
• 负责人: Brady Cox
• 金额: $ 17.71万
• 依托单位: University of Arkansas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2012-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0928526&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; M8.0; Pisco; Peru

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law 111-5)Large earthquakes that strike populated regions present invaluable opportunities to improve our understanding of seismic hazards, and advance the state-of-practice in engineering and science through investigation and analysis of case histories. Traditionally, earthquake case studies in geotechnical engineering have been undertaken at the site-specific scale, leading to many key advancements in the field. Increasingly, however, it is recognized that earthquake impacts extend over vast areas and have unique spatial signatures that are a function of regional-scale factors such as geologic setting, ground motion intensity, and land use patterns. Moreover, the highly networked nature of modern infrastructure systems with their internal feedback loops, potential for cascading failures, and sensitivity to extreme events, suggest that that the consequences of earthquakes be considered within a larger spatial framework. Advancements in the field of remote sensing, combined with new opportunities in information management and spatial analysis, provide a promising new direction for earthquake studies that needs to be taken advantage of.This research will use remote sensing, geotechnical investigations, and traditional "boots-on-the-ground" reconnaissance information to collect, process, interpret, and digitally archive ground failure events (landslides and a massive, several km2 lateral spread) from a large portion of the mesoseismal region of the 2007 Mw8.0 Pisco, Peru Earthquake. The research plan is guided by the vision of using state-of-the-art remote sensing and data management tools to establish the Pisco Earthquake as a fully documented "benchmark" ground failure event that will be permanently archived in a searchable, professionally curated NEEScentral data repository. Several factors make the Pisco Earthquake well suited for use as a benchmark ground failure event: (i) its effects were documented by a ground-based Geo-engineering Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) team immediately after the earthquake, (ii) the mesoseismal region spans a variety of land uses and geomorphic settings ranging from coastal plains to steep mountainous terrain more than 4,500-m in elevation, and (iii) a rich and varied "living laboratory" of earthquake effects ranging from severe soil liquefaction to massive rock avalanches occurred.The work draws on the expertise of a multidisciplinary, multiple-institution team with collective expertise in geotechnical earthquake engineering, remote sensing, and field data collection. It will focus on two main types of ground failures caused by earthquakes: landslides and lateral spreads. Remote sensing of these failures will generally be accomplished through high resolution, pre- and post-earthquake stereo satellite imagery analysis. However, terrestrial LiDAR measurements will also be used at select sites to enhance the stereo derived surface models, and potentially allow for ultra high resolution (sub-pixel) satellite image displacement analyses. Products of this work will include: (i) a comprehensive, open-source, geospatial database containing an inventory of ground failures over an approximately 1,000 km2 region (including geo-referenced archives of photographs, geological, geotechnical, and damage/impact information), (ii) advancements in remote sensing applied to earthquake ground failures (e.g. refined change detection algorithms for automated landslide identification, and sub-meter lateral displacement analysis on a massive lateral spread), (iii) a series of empirical relationships quantifying the link between geophysical factors (topography, geology, and shaking intensity) and ground failure characteristics, (iv) a geospatial database template for ground failures that will serve as a model for future earthquake geo-archiving efforts, and (v) openly disseminated non-technical educational modules to promote a better understanding of earthquake consequences among the general public and policy-makers. Broader impacts affecting those in the U.S. and abroad include: rich foreign research experiences for students on the team, fostering graduate education for Hispanic students, further strengthening of ties between U.S. and Latin American research communities, and much-needed information to assist local officials with earthquake hazard planning and mitigation in the developing nation of Peru.

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏和再投资法》（公法111-5）大地震造成的，袭击人口中的大地震带来了宝贵的机会，以提高我们对地震危害的理解，并通过调查和分析案例历史来提高工程和科学领域的效法。 传统上，岩土工程中的地震案例研究是在特定于现场的规模上进行的，从而导致了该领域的许多关键进步。 然而，人们越来越多地认识到，地震影响延伸到广阔的区域，并具有独特的空间特征，这是区域规模因素的函数，例如地质环境，地面运动强度和土地利用模式。 此外，现代基础设施系统具有内部反馈循环，级联故障的潜力以及对极端事件的敏感性的高度网络性质，表明地震的后果在更大的空间框架内被考虑。 遥感领域的进步，再加上信息管理和空间分析的新机会，为地震研究提供了一个有希望的新方向，需要利用这项研究。这项研究将使用遥感，岩土技术研究，传统的“启动式启动信息”收集，流程和数字档案范围内的事件（陆地上的几种零件）（陆地上的零件）（越来越多）（陆地上的几种零件）（越来越多的km 2）秘鲁地震2007 MW8.0 Pisco的介异性区。 该研究计划的指导是使用最先进的遥感和数据管理工具来建立Pisco地震作为充分记录的“基准”地面故障事件，该事件将在可搜索的，专业精心策划的Neescentral数据存储库中永久存档。 几个因素使Pisco地震非常适合用作基准的地面故障事件：（i）地震后立即由地面工程的极端侦察（Geer）团队记录了其影响，（ii）介绍区域跨越了各种土地用途和各种沿海地区的土地，并在沿海地区的山顶上遍及多种土地，并比陡峭的山脉遍及山顶。地震效应的各种“生活实验室”范围从严重的土壤液化到大规模的岩石雪崩。 它将集中于地震引起的两种主要地面故障类型：滑坡和横向蔓延。 这些故障的遥感通常将通过高分辨率，前后立体声卫星图像分析来实现。 但是，在某些位点也将使用陆地唇酸盐测量值，以增强立体声衍生的表面模型，并有可能允许超高分辨率（子像素）卫星图像位移分析。 这项工作的产品将包括：（i）一个全面的，开源的地理空间数据库，其中包含大约1,000 km2区域的地面故障清单（包括地理参考的照片档案，地质，地质技术和损害/影响信息），（ii）在遥感中的进步适用于地震范围的变化（E.G. E.G. E.G. E.G. E.G. E.G. E.G. E.G. E.G. G. G. G. G. G. （iii）一系列经验关系，量化地球物理因素（地形，地质和摇动强度）和地面故障特征，（iv）地理食品数据库模板将作为未来的地球范围的地球模态，（iv），识别和亚米的侧向位移分析，（iii）量化地球物理因素（地形，地质和摇动强度）和地面故障特征之间的联系，以将未来的地球范围用于地球的模态模态，（IV）为了更好地理解公众和政策制定者中的地震后果。影响美国和国外人员的更广泛影响包括：为团队中的学生提供丰富的外国研究经验，为西班牙裔学生促进研究生教育，进一步加强美国和拉丁美洲研究社区之间的联系，以及急需的信息，以帮助当地官员在秘鲁的发展中国家进行地震危险计划和缓解措施。