Role of Oxalic Acid and Reactive Oxygen in Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Disease Development

草酸和活性氧在菌核病发展中的作用

• 批准号: 0923918
• 负责人: Martin Dickman
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M AgriLife Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0923918&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Oxalic; Acid; Reactive; Oxygen

Intellectual Merit Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an omnivorous fungal plant pathogen with an extremely broad host range capable of producing devastating losses in economically important food crops, including soybeans, dry beans, canola and potato among many others. Over 400 species of plants are susceptible to this pathogen. Currently, there are no adequate resistance strategies against Sclerotinia diseases (culturally or chemically) and breeding for resistance to this fungus has not been successful. Annual losses of crops from diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum in the U.S. are in the multimillion dollar range. The fact that Sclerotinia is aggressive, broad in its host range, poorly controlled and causes significant economical damage, coupled with the lack of resistant cultivars necessitates the development of alternative control strategies. A molecular based mechanistic approach will be used in this project to understand why the fungus is so successful; in particular the project will examine the roles that reactive oxygen species and oxalic acid play as key modulators of fungal disease. The project is supported by recent observations that demonstrated that fungal secreted oxalate induces a programmed cell death in the plant host and recapitulates S. sclerotiorum disease symptoms. Similarly oxalic acid induces increased reactive oxygen species levels in the plant which correlate with, and are necessary for, programmed cell death and disease. Results from these studies will provide information for alternative disease control strategies based on interference with these key fungal pathogenicity determinants.Broader Impact The experiments described in this project offer broad and comprehensive training for students encompassing a number of fields. Current approaches include microbiology, plant pathology, plant biology, high throughput gene silencing screens, molecular biology and genetics. The mechanisms underlying fungal induced plant disease are both fundamental and of practical importance. This is particularly noteworthy since food safety, food contamination and food security are critically important issues nationally and internationally. This is compounded by Sclerotinia diseases since control measures (genetic and chemical) are largely ineffective. This research program will provide a unique and interdisciplinary training opportunity for a graduate student, postdoctoral fellows, and undergraduate students to participate in a critical area of stress signalling and cell death regulation, while conceptually addressing broader conceptual ideas as to how this particular group of important plant pathogens achieves pathogenic success. The project also supports summer research activities for students from Hispanic Serving Institutions and a Land Grant University in Texas.

知识分子绩效菌核菌果是一种杂食性的真菌植物病原体，其宿主范围非常广泛，能够在经济上重要的粮食作物中产生毁灭性的损失，包括大豆，干豆类，菜籽和土豆。 超过400种植物容易受到这种病原体的影响。 当前，没有足够的抵抗力策略（文化或化学上），并且耐药性的育种尚未成功。 由美国菌群链球菌引起的疾病造成的农作物的年损失在数百万美元的范围内。 Sclerotinia具有侵略性，其宿主范围广泛，控制不良并造成严重的经济损害，再加上缺乏抗性品种的事实，这一事实需要制定替代控制策略。 该项目将使用基于分子的机械方法来了解为什么真菌如此成功。特别是该项目将研究活性氧和草酸作为真菌疾病的关键调节剂的作用。 该项目得到了最近的观察结果的支持，这些观察结果表明，真菌分泌的草酸盐会诱导植物宿主的程序性细胞死亡，并概括了硬化链球菌疾病症状。 类似地，草酸诱导植物中的活性氧水平增加，与编程细胞死亡和疾病相关，并且是必要的。 这些研究的结果将基于干扰这些关键真菌致病性决定因素的干扰提供替代性疾病控制策略的信息。BODARECLERIMPACT该项目中描述的实验为涵盖许多领域的学生提供了广泛而全面的培训。当前的方法包括微生物学，植物病理学，植物生物学，高通量基因沉默筛查，分子生物学和遗传学。真菌引起的植物性疾病的基础机制既是基本又具有实际重要性。这尤其值得注意，因为食品安全，粮食污染和粮食保障在国内和国际上至关重要。由于控制措施（遗传和化学）在很大程度上无效，因此这是由硬化症疾病复杂的。该研究计划将为研究生，博士后研究员和本科生提供一个独特的跨学科培训机会，以参与压力信号和细胞死亡调节的关键领域，同时概念从概念上解决这一特定植物病原体如何实现致病性成功的更广泛的概念思想。 该项目还支持来自西班牙裔服务机构的学生和德克萨斯州的土地赠款大学的夏季研究活动。