Collaborative Research: Ocean Oxidation and the Biosphere During Neoproterozoic Glaciation

合作研究：新元古代冰川时期的海洋氧化和生物圈

• 批准号: 0921913
• 负责人: Matthew Hurtgen
• 金额: $ 21.92万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ocean; Oxidation; Biosphere

Collaborative Research: Ocean Oxidation and the Biosphere during Neoproterozoic Glaciation Susannah Porter (Lead PI); EAR-0922305 University of California Santa Barbara Matthew Hurtgen; EAR-0921913 Northwestern University This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). ABSTRACT An increase in Earth surface oxygen levels has long been invoked as a driver of biological innovation at the end of the Neoproterozoic Era (1000 to ~541 million years ago), when diverse macroscopic life, including animals, first flourished. Recent work suggests that a pulse in ocean oxygenation ~580 million years ago may have permitted the evolution of animals, but almost no consideration has been paid to the relationship between biology and fluctuating oxygen levels earlier in the Neoproterozoic, in particular spanning the Cryogenian (a.k.a. ?snowball Earth?) glaciations ~720 to 635 million years ago, when Earth may have been entombed in ice. The aim of this project is two-fold: (1) reconstruct oxygen levels and biology during the Cryogenian glacial interval; and (2) test the hypothesis that fluctuating oxygen levels are linked to changes in the diversity and composition of biological communities observed during this time. To address these goals, the PIs will undertake micropaleontological, geochemical, and geochronologic analyses of shales collected from successions in Svalbard, an archipelago north of Norway, and in four separate basins in Australia. Collectively, these units span the entire interval of Cryogenian glaciation. Samples from Svalbard have already been collected; samples from Australia will be collected during two field seasons, one in Tasmania, the other on the Australian mainland. All analyses will be performed on the same suite of stratigraphically well-defined samples, allowing records of life and oxygen availability to be unambiguously linked and placed within the context of Neoproterozoic climate change.

合作研究：新元古代冰川时期的海洋氧化和生物圈 Susannah Porter（首席研究员）； EAR-0922305 加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校 Matthew Hurtgen； EAR-0921913 西北大学 该奖项由 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）资助。摘要：长期以来，地球表面氧含量的增加一直被认为是新元古代末期（1000 至 5.41 亿年前）生物创新的驱动力，当时包括动物在内的多种宏观生命首次繁盛。最近的研究表明，大约 5.8 亿年前海洋氧合的脉冲可能允许动物进化，但几乎没有考虑到生物学与新元古代早期氧气水平波动之间的关系，特别是跨越冰冻纪（又称冰原纪）。 “雪球地球”）约 720 至 6.35 亿年前的冰川作用，当时地球可能已被埋在冰中。该项目的目标有两个：（1）重建成冰纪冰川期的氧气水平和生物学； （2）检验氧气水平波动与在此期间观察到的生物群落多样性和组成的变化有关的假设。为了实现这些目标，PI 将对从挪威北部斯瓦尔巴群岛和澳大利亚四个独立盆地连续收集的页岩进行微古生物学、地球化学和地质年代学分析。总的来说，这些单位跨越了整个成冰纪冰川期。斯瓦尔巴群岛的样本已经采集；来自澳大利亚的样本将在两个野外季节采集，一个在塔斯马尼亚，另一个在澳大利亚大陆。所有分析都将在同一套地层明确的样本上进行，从而将生命和氧气可用性的记录明确地联系起来，并置于新元古代气候变化的背景下。