CSR: Small: Collaborative Research: System Support for Managing Carbon Footprints and Electricity Costs in Internet Services

CSR：小型：协作研究：管理互联网服务中碳足迹和电力成本的系统支持

• 批准号: 0916246
• 负责人: Margaret Martonosi
• 金额: $ 16.7万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0916246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSR; Small; Collaborative; Research; System

Society is faced today with three main energy-related challenges: US dependence on foreign energy sources, world-wide dependence on non-renewable energy, and climate change induced at least in part by greenhouse-gas emissions. The computer industry also faces an energy crisis: the nation's data centers consume a gigantic amount of energy, which translates into large greenhouse gas footprints. This research explores the implications of these trends on data center design. In particular, the work considers how to optimize data center operation in the face of Kyoto-style cap-and-trade frameworks, related cap-and-pay frameworks, and unregulated scenarios where businesses optimize energy usage to save money or achieve carbon neutrality. In both cap-and-trade and cap-and-pay, caps are imposed on activities society wants to discourage. In large computer systems, excessive brown energy consumption is one activity to discourage. Through caps on brown energy, society can also promote renewable energy. Research challenges include: (i) balancing reductions in brown energy consumption against cost, performance and service-level agreement (SLA) impact, (ii) managing energy consumption in the context of variable electricity prices; and (iii) designing multiple system layers that effectively integrate and coordinate electricity and performance management, even in the face of highly volatile request distributions and electricity/carbon prices. This research has the potential for broad impact both on computer systems design, and more broadly on an increasingly carbon-conscious world.

当今社会面临着三个与能源相关的主要挑战：美国对外国能源的依赖、全世界对不可再生能源的依赖以及至少部分由温室气体排放引起的气候变化。计算机行业还面临能源危机：国家的数据中心消耗大量能源，这转化为大量的温室气体足迹。 本研究探讨了这些趋势对数据中心设计的影响。 特别是，该工作考虑了如何在京都式的限额与交易框架、相关的限额与支付框架以及企业优化能源使用以节省资金或实现碳中和的不受监管的情况下优化数据中心运营。在限额与交易和限额与工资中，对社会想要阻止的活动施加了上限。在大型计算机系统中，过度消耗棕色能源是一项需要阻止的活动。通过限制棕色能源，社会还可以推广可再生能源。研究挑战包括：(i) 平衡棕色能源消耗的减少与成本、性能和服务水平协议 (SLA) 的影响，(ii) 在电价变化的情况下管理能源消耗； (iii) 设计多个系统层，即使面对高度波动的请求分配和电力/碳价格，也能有效整合和协调电力和绩效管理。这项研究有可能对计算机系统设计以及对碳意识日益增强的世界产生广泛影响。