Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Explaining Interethnic Aggression In Israel

政治学博士论文研究：解释以色列的种族间侵略

• 批准号: 0921391
• 负责人: Mark Tessler
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921391&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

This project will generate preliminary answers to one of the most pressing questions in the study of ethnic politics: What are the individual determinants of physical interethnic aggression? It seeks to explain why one individual reacts with physical aggression while another does not when faced with what both perceive to be a threat from a member of the ethnic outgroup. The import of answers to this question cannot be overstated: Low-level physical interethnic aggression of the type I seek to explain (i.e. riots, small-group, and individual-level interethnic aggression), plagues an ever-increasing number of countries worldwide. This type of aggression is perhaps nowhere more present than in Israel, the focus of this project. To improve conflict resolution efforts and to promote more peaceful multi-ethnic communities, we must understand what drives the individual decision to engage in physical interethnic aggression.The project will analyze the interactions between Israel's two largest ethnic groups: Jewish-Israelis and Arab-Israelis (restricted to those 18-yrs. and older who have citizenship within the state). After gathering both qualitative and quantitative data on the number and type of aggressive incidents between members of these ethnic groups during the years 2000-2008, the researcher will invite a stratified sample of 600 university-aged young adults from around Israel to participate in a survey and an experiment. The survey will gather individual-level data that will be used to evaluate various hypotheses that seek to explain interethnic aggression. Four weeks after taking the survey, these same individuals will be invited to a research lab to participate in the experiment to safely gather interethnic aggression data. The resulting aggression data will be analyzed alongside the survey results and qualitative data to reach final conclusions.Within Israel, most organizational attempts at preventing interethnic aggression rest on some variation of Allport?s "contact hypothesis," the idea that individuals will not aggress against those with whom they have considerable contact. As such, "ethnic encounter" contact groups of various types dot the country. However, many activists and scholars currently doubt that these groups mitigate aggression. This project looks beyond "contact" to identify factors that motivate interethnic aggression in the hope that a more complete understanding of these motivations will provide organizations with new direction as they craft policies and programs to improve or replace these groups. Once the project is completed in Israel, it will be run in other countries and contexts as well.

该项目将为种族政治研究中最紧迫的问题之一提供初步答案：种族间身体攻击的个体决定因素是什么？ 它试图解释为什么一个人在面对双方都认为来自外族群体成员的威胁时会做出身体攻击反应，而另一个人则不会。 这个问题的答案的重要性怎么强调都不为过：我试图解释的那种低水平的人身攻击（即骚乱、小团体和个人水平的种族间攻击）困扰着全世界越来越多的国家。 这种类型的侵略也许在以色列最为普遍，以色列是该项目的重点。 为了改善冲突解决工作并促进更加和平的多民族社区，我们必须了解是什么驱使个人决定进行种族间的身体攻击。该项目将分析以色列最大的两个民族群体：犹太以色列人和阿拉伯以色列人之间的相互作用（仅限年满 18 岁并拥有该州公民身份的人）。 在收集了 2000 年至 2008 年期间这些族裔群体成员之间的攻击事件数量和类型的定性和定量数据后，研究人员将邀请来自以色列各地的 600 名大学年龄的年轻人分层样本参加一项调查和一个实验。 该调查将收集个人层面的数据，这些数据将用于评估旨在解释种族间侵略行为的各种假设。 进行调查四个星期后，这些人将被邀请到研究实验室参加实验，以安全地收集种族间的侵略数据。 由此产生的侵略数据将与调查结果和定性数据一起进行分析，以得出最终结论。在以色列，大多数防止种族间侵略的组织尝试都基于奥尔波特“接触假说”的某些变体，即个人不会攻击他人与他们有相当多接触的人。 因此，各种类型的“种族接触”联络小组遍布全国。 然而，许多活动家和学者目前怀疑这些团体是否能减轻攻击性。 该项目超越“接触”，确定激发种族间侵略的因素，希望更全面地了解这些动机，为组织制定政策和计划以改善或取代这些群体提供新的方向。 该项目在以色列完成后，也将在其他国家和地区运行。