Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Dynamic Policy Responsiveness in the US States

政治学博士论文研究：美国各州的动态政策反应

• 批准号: 0918280
• 负责人: Eric Plutzer
• 金额: $ 0.32万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0918280&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

When citizens change their policy preferences, how closely do policies follow? The answer is central to democratic theory. The principal of popular sovereignty implies some degree of dynamic policy responsiveness; when public opinion changes substantially, public policy should shift to reflect changed public preferences. While dynamic models of policy responsiveness have been tested and confirmed at the national level, much less is known about policymaking at the state level. This is an important shortcoming because state governments vary in important ways that can enhance or diminish the voice of the people in policy making. To answer this question, the investigator measures state preferences towards smoking bans over time by combining individual survey data from the Gallup Poll Social Series on Consumption Habits 2001-2008 and the Current Population Survey Smoking and Tobacco Supplement 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. In both surveys, respondents were asked their preferences towards smoking bans in workplaces, restaurants, bars, and hotels. After creating state level preferences towards smoking bans using recent methodological advances in aggregate opinion estimation, state preferences are linked to the adoption of smoking bans in restaurants, bars, and workplaces using data compiled from the National Cancer Institute's State Cancer Legislative Database. The resulting series will span sixteen years, begin prior to the first state?s adoption, and include a year of overlap to account for potential "house" and question effects that may influence expressed support for the policy.The broader impacts of the study are embodied in the original dataset that will be made publicly available, along with the details of the methodology used to generate and validate dynamic measures of state public opinion. The methods of estimation can be extended to measure other preferences at the state level over time, as well as other attitudes such as tolerance, trust, efficacy or confidence which may also exhibit over time change across states. Theoretically, by including measures of public opinion into our models of policy adoption, we can better understand the mechanisms through which other variables impact policy changes. More broadly, this research can assess the extent to which states exhibit policy responsive over time to ordinary citizens in the area of public health.

当公民改变其政策偏好时，政策的紧密程度如何？ 答案是民主理论的核心。 流行主权的原理意味着一定程度的动态政策响应能力；当舆论发生实质性变化时，公共政策应转变以反映公众的偏好。 尽管在国家一级已经测试和确认了政策响应的动态模型，但对国家一级的决策却少得多。 这是一个重要的缺点，因为州政府以重要的方式有所不同，可以增强或降低政策制定中人们的声音。 为了回答这个问题，调查人员通过结合盖洛普民意调查的社交系列中的个人调查数据，对消费习惯2001 - 2008年以及当前的人口调查吸烟和烟草补充来衡量国家对吸烟禁令的偏好，1992、1993、1993、1996、1996、1996、1998、1999、299、2000和2001年。 在使用总体意见估算中的最新方法学进步建立了国家一级的偏好之后，国家偏好与使用国家癌症研究所州癌症研究所的数据库中的数据相关联，与在餐馆，酒吧和工作场所中采用吸烟禁令有关。 由此产生的系列将跨越十六年，开始在第一个州的采用之前开始，并包括一年的重叠，以说明潜在的“房屋”，并可能影响对该政策的表达支持的问题效应。该研究的更广泛的影响体现在原始数据集中，该数据集将在公开场合可用，以及用于产生和验证动态性动力学的方法的详细信息。 可以扩展估计方法，以衡量随着时间的推移在州一级的其他偏好，以及其他态度，例如公差，信任，效力或信心，这些态度也可能随着时间的流逝而随时间变化而变化。 从理论上讲，通过将公众舆论的衡量标准纳入我们的政策采用模型中，我们可以更好地了解其他变量会影响政策变化的机制。 从更广泛的角度来看，这项研究可以评估国家在公共卫生领域对普通公民的政策响应迅速响应的程度。