HCC: Large: Collaborative Research: Widescale Computer-Mediated Communication in Crisis Response: Roles, Trust & Accuracy in the Social Distribution of Information

HCC：大型：协作研究：危机应对中的大规模计算机介导的通信：角色、信任

• 批准号: 0910640
• 负责人: Gloria Mark
• 金额: $ 47.93万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0910640&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Large; Collaborative; Research; Widescale

Information and communication technology (ICT) promises to help reduce impacts of large-scale disruptions from natural hazards, pandemics, and terrorist threat. This research focuses on a critical aspect of large-scale emergency response -- the needs and roles of members of the public. By viewing the citizenry as a powerful, self-organizing, and collectively intelligent force, ICT can play a transformational role in crisis situations. This view of a civil society augmented by ICT is based on socio-behavioral knowledge about how people behave in crisis, rather than on simplified and mythical portrayals. With a critical reframing of emergency response as a socially-distributed information system, the project aims to leverage the knowledge of members of the public through reuse of publicly available computer mediated communications (CMCs) (e.g., community, mapping, and social networking sites; blogs; Twitter). The project will study and integrate that heterogeneous information and -- with techniques of information extraction through natural language processing as well as trust and reputation modeling -- add meta-information to help users assess context, validity, source, credibility, and timeliness to make the best decisions for their highly localized, changing conditions. The results of this research addresses matters of policy, practice and technological innovation, responding directly to needs identified in national policy statements, including Grand Challenge #1 of the National Science and Technology Council's Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction, which calls for the provision of "hazard and disaster information where and when it is needed" (SDR, 2005). At-risk populations are disproportionately affected by crises; the results of this research could mitigate the impacts on these communities. The research is also inclusive of people across different cultures/ethnic groups within the U.S. and from different countries. The project broadens the future STEM workforce, since socio-technical and practical orientations to computational research attract women to study STEM disciplines. The research contributions include cyberinfrastructure-aware applications, techniques, and services built from empirical knowledge of the social structures that produce crisis data.

信息和通信技术（ICT）有望帮助减少自然危害，大流行和恐怖威胁的大规模破坏的影响。这项研究重点是大规模应急响应的关键方面 - 公众的需求和角色。通过将公民视为强大，自组织且聪明的力量，ICT可以在危机情况下发挥变革作用。 ICT增强的公民社会的观点是基于关于人们在危机中的行为方式而不是基于简化和神话般的刻画的社会行为知识。通过将紧急响应作为社会分配信息系统的批判性重新标记，该项目旨在通过重新使用公开可用的计算机介导的通信（CMC）（例如社区，映射和社交网站；博客； Twitter）来利用公众的知识。该项目将研究和整合这些异质信息，并通过自然语言处理以及信任和声誉建模的信息提取技术 - 添加元信息，以帮助用户评估上下文，有效性，来源，信誉和及时性，以为其高度局部的变化条件做出最佳决策。这项研究的结果涉及政策，实践和技术创新的问题，直接响应国家政策声明中确定的需求，包括国家科学技术委员会的减少灾害小组委员会的大挑战＃1，该小组要求提供“危害和灾难信息以及需要的危害和灾难信息”（SDR，2005年）。处于危机的危机影响不成比例；这项研究的结果可以减轻对这些社区的影响。这项研究还包括美国境内和不同国家的不同文化/族裔群体的人们。该项目扩大了未来的STEM劳动力，因为对计算研究的社会技术和实践取向吸引了女性研究STEM学科。研究贡献包括通过对产生危机数据的社会结构的经验知识来建立的网络基础设施应用程序，技术和服务。