Fire In the Arctic Landscape: Impacts, Interactions And Links To Global and Regional Environmental Change

北极地区的火灾：影响、相互作用以及与全球和区域环境变化的联系

• 批准号: 0856853
• 负责人: Gaius Shaver
• 金额: $ 91.17万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0856853&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fire; Arctic; Landscape; Impacts; Interactions

The 2007 Anaktuvuk River (AR) fire created a unique opportunity to observe the response of a pristine tundra landscape to a major disturbance. The area burned is large enough (1000 km2) that its impacts can be measured directly at multiple scales, from small plots, to small (first-order) catchments and hillslopes, to large (third-order) catchments, to the atmospheric boundary layer above the entire burn. As the burned area recovers over time, observations of changes in key ecosystem processes and in terrestrial and aquatic communities will afford insights into controls and interactions among system components that would not be possible from long-term observation of an undisturbed or unmanipulated tundra landscape. The AR fire also serves as a harbinger of future change in the arctic landscape and its interactions with the atmosphere, aquatic systems, and oceans as global climate continues to warm. It provides a standard of comparison with predictions of long-term response to disturbance and climate change, based on finer-scale, shorter-term experimental studies. Finally, because the area burned is so large, it provides an opportunity for measuring change at a scale that is directly relevant to large-area, PanArctic modeling and prediction. For all of these reasons, this project will strive to establish a long-term, multiscale, multidimensional program of observation, comparison, and analysis on the Anaktuvuk River fire. This will be done in a way that facilitates future, detailed process studies and long-term modeling and synthesis. The program will be sufficiently broadly-based to involve participation by a wide range of arctic researchers. Key components of the work include measurement of (1) surface C, water, and energy exchanges, (2) terrestrial organic matter, C, and element stocks, (3) terrestrial vegetation composition and structure, (4) lake and stream chemistry and water flow, (5) lake and stream community composition, and (6) evaluation of spectral reflectance measures of production, biomass, community composition, and burn impacts for use in scaling up to larger areas and for comparison with satellite- and airplane-based measures of reflectance.This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).

2007 年阿纳克图维克河 (AR) 火灾为观察原始苔原景观对重大扰动的反应提供了独特的机会。烧毁的面积足够大（1000平方公里），其影响可以在多个尺度上直接测量，从小地块到小型（一级）集水区和山坡，到大型（三级）集水区，再到大气边界层高于整个烧伤部位。随着烧毁面积随着时间的推移而恢复，对关键生态系统过程以及陆地和水生群落变化的观察将提供对系统组成部分之间的控制和相互作用的深入了解，这是通过长期观察未受干扰或未操纵的苔原景观而无法实现的。随着全球气候持续变暖，AR火灾也预示着北极地貌的未来变化及其与大气、水生系统和海洋的相互作用。它基于更小规模、更短期的实验研究，提供了与对干扰和气候变化的长期响应的预测进行比较的标准。最后，由于烧毁面积如此之大，它提供了一个测量与大面积泛北极建模和预测直接相关的规模变化的机会。出于所有这些原因，该项目将努力建立一个长期、多尺度、多维度的阿纳克图武克河火灾观测、比较和分析计划。这将以有利于未来详细过程研究以及长期建模和综合的方式完成。该计划的基础将足够广泛，以吸引广泛的北极研究人员的参与。该工作的关键组成部分包括测量 (1) 地表碳、水和能量交换，(2) 陆地有机质、碳和元素库，(3) 陆地植被组成和结构，(4) 湖泊和溪流化学和水流，(5) 湖泊和溪流群落组成，以及 (6) 生产、生物量、群落组成和燃烧影响的光谱反射测量评估，用于扩大到更大的区域并与卫星和飞机进行比较反射率的测量。该奖项由资助根据 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）。