Dissertation Award: Post-Industrial Engineering: Computer Science and the Organization of Work, 1950-1975

论文奖：后工业工程：计算机科学和工作组织，1950-1975

• 批准号: 0848412
• 负责人: Cathryn Carson
• 金额: $ 0.4万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-02-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848412&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Award; Post; Industrial; Engineering

This dissertation research, supported by the Science, Technology, and Society Program at NSF, investigates the relationship of computer development to management theory in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. The goal of the interview and archival research is to examine how the designs of early artificial intelligence machines, such as Logic Theorist and the General Problem Solver at Carnegie Mellon, and of interactive, time-shared computing systems, such as Project MAC at MIT, were part of contemporary efforts to redefine the roles of clerical workers and middle management. These research programs involved major figures who contributed both to management theory and to computer engineering, such as Herbert Simon, Jay Forrester, and J. C. R. Licklider. This dissertation therefore seeks out the connections between technical research and analyses of industrial management in the Cold War years, examining how computer design was a site for conflict among competing social ideals.The archival work supported by this grant will be carried out at Carnegie Mellon University, where innovations in computation in the Graduate School of Industrial Administration were part of a larger project of creating a scientific basis for management theory; and at the Charles Babbage Institute in Minneapolis, a major repository for diverse collections from the information processing industry. Oral history interviews will be carried out with several prominent computer scientists and social theorists from the period.By considering social thought and technology as fundamentally intertwined, the research supported by this grant reframes the development of interactive computing from being primarily a story of mathematical logic to one of organizational theory. As modern information technology creates new spaces for economic and political engagement and new forms of social organization, this project helps create a theoretical framework and a historical context for understanding how expanding access to technology can be related to evolving social ideals.

NSF的科学，技术和社会计划支持的这项论文研究调查了1950年代和1960年代美国计算机发展与管理理论的关系。访谈和档案研究的目的是研究早期人工智能机器的设计，例如逻辑理论家和卡内基·梅隆（Carnegie Mellon）的一般问题解决者，以及互动式的，及时共享的计算系统，例如MIT项目MAC，是当代努力的一部分，以重新定义文书工作者和中层管理人员的角色。这些研究计划涉及为管理理论和计算机工程贡献的主要人物，例如赫伯特·西蒙（Herbert Simon），杰伊·福雷斯特（Jay Forrester）和J. C. R. Licklider。因此，本文在冷战时期寻求技术研究与工业管理分析之间的联系，研究计算机设计是如何在竞争社会理想之间发生冲突的站点。这项赠款支持的档案工作将在卡内基·梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）进行，在卡内基·梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）进行，在该大学中，工业管理研究生管理研究生院的一部分是建立管理理论的一部分。在明尼阿波利斯的查尔斯·巴巴奇学院（Charles Babbage Institute），这是信息处理行业各种收藏的主要存储库。口述历史访谈将与该时期的几位著名的计算机科学家和社会理论家进行。考虑到社会思想和技术从根本上交织在一起，这项赠款支持的研究将交互式计算的发展从主要是数学逻辑的故事到组织理论之一。随着现代信息技术为经济和政治参与和社会组织的新形式创造新的空间，该项目有助于创建一个理论框架和历史背景，以了解扩展对技术的访问如何与不断发展的社会理想有关。