Physiology of Isoprene Emission from Plants

植物释放异戊二烯的生理学

• 批准号: 0830225
• 负责人: Thomas Sharkey
• 金额: $ 24.48万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0830225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiology; Isoprene; Emission; Plants

More hydrocarbon enters the atmosphere as isoprene emitted from plants than from any other single source. Isoprene emission is affected by weather and its emission can protect leaves from short high temperature episodes. However, isoprene also participates in atmospheric chemistry leading to ozone, and possibly aerosols, particles that adversely affect human health. Isoprene emission varies widely among plants, with some species emitting much larger amounts than other species. This research will use molecular biology tools to determine the methods plant cells use to control the synthesis of isoprene. The research will also address why some plants make isoprene while others do not, how plants gain the ability to make isoprene, and how weather affects the biochemical reactions in plant cells that lead to the synthesis of isoprene. Regulation of enzymes found to be important in isoprene synthesis will be investigated by using bacteria to express those enzymes. The study organism for most of the research will be the model tree species black poplar (Populus trichocarpa) whose genes have been fully sequenced. This research will provide information needed to know how to manipulate isoprene emission from trees, whether we want to make some trees stop making isoprene to protect the atmosphere or if we want to make some crops make it to protect them against high temperature damage.Broader Impacts: Isoprene research is important because it contributes to understanding atmospheric reactions including the production of ozone and aerosols, both of which have significant effects on human health. This research will be used to attract undergraduate students to research. High school students will participate through the Summer Science Institute, which is a seven week residential program. About 70% of its participants are students from groups underrepresented in scientific research. Isoprene research is generally interesting to students and they like the connection to real-world problems.

从植物中发出的异戊二烯比从任何其他单一来源中发出的碳氢化合物更多。异戊二烯的发射受天气的影响，其发射可以保护叶子免受短温度发作的影响。然而，异戊二烯还参与了大气化学，导致臭氧，可能是气溶胶，会对人类健康产生不利影响。异戊二烯的排放量在植物之间的变化很大，有些物种发射的量比其他物种大得多。这项研究将使用分子生物学工具来确定植物细胞用于控制异戊二烯合成的方法。这项研究还将解决某些植物使异戊二烯而不是其他植物没有，植物如何获得异戊二烯的能力以及天气如何影响植物细胞中导致异戊二烯合成的生化反应的原因。通过使用细菌表达这些酶的酶，将研究发现在异戊二烯合成中很重要的酶的调节。大多数研究的研究生物都是模型树种黑杨树（Populus trichocarpa），其基因已被完全测序。这项研究将提供所需的信息，以了解如何从树木中操纵异戊二烯的排放，无论我们要使一些树木停止使异戊二烯保护气氛保护气氛，还是我们想制作一些农作物来保护它们免受高温损害。Bodrene研究很重要：它很重要，因为它有助于理解大气层对ozone和Aerososols的影响，包括对人类的生产，对人类的影响有重大影响，这对人类的影响有重大影响。这项研究将用于吸引本科生进行研究。高中生将通过夏季科学学院参加七个星期的住宅计划。大约70％的参与者是来自科学研究中代表性不足的小组的学生。异戊二烯研究通常对学生很有趣，他们喜欢与现实世界中的问题的联系。