Collaborative Research: Ceramic Geography and the Social Formations of the Smoky Hill Phase, east-central Kansas

合作研究：陶瓷地理学和堪萨斯州中东部烟山阶段的​​社会形态

• 批准号: 0817810
• 负责人: Donna Roper
• 金额: $ 9.75万
• 依托单位: Kansas State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0817810&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ceramic; Geography; Social

With National Science Foundation support, the researchers will analyze curated ceramic assemblages to investigate social formations of the Smoky Hill phase of the Central Plains tradition (CPt) of North America. The 18-month project will apply detailed ceramic style analysis and neutron activation analysis to problems of social organization and interaction, and will control chronology by radiocarbon dating 36 Smoky Hill phase sites in central and north-central Kansas. The late prehistoric period in the Central Plains (cal A.D. 1100?1350) featured an emerging farming economy, with attendant changes in technology, settlement, and social organization. The social organization is the least understood of these dimensions. The basic social unit was the economically autonomous household, but households by necessity were integrated into communities. This late prehistoric adaptation really has no historic analog in the region. The project's primary objective is to develop an empirically based model to map the late prehistoric social landscape and to delineate the individual communities formed among the people of the Smoky Hill phase. The team will use ceramic style analysis as a proxy measure of the community affiliation of individual households. The analysis will examine multiple dimensions of stylistic variation and will examine the geographical distribution of style groups. This analysis will be augmented with extensive radiocarbon dating using annual plant species to ensure that analyzed materials are contemporaneous with the associated component. Extensive neutron activation analysis (NAA) will allow the evaluation of interaction within and among communities by delineating chemical compositional groups and mapping their distribution. GIS will be a critical visual and analytical tool for mapping ceramic style groups and chemical compositional groups. The intellectual merits of the project are grounded in a break with the traditional ways of viewing late prehistoric social organization on the Central Plains and of lifeways on the Plains in general. Traditional ways have relied on historic analogies and have reified rather than truly exposed aspects of social organization. Contemporary theory and method, however, now allow social organization to be addressed empirically. The results of this research will be a baseline study of the organization of this underrepresented type of social formation from a geographical area that has also been largely underrepresented. The broader impacts of the study are that it will contribute to advances in theory, education, and outreach. The project supports theory concerning the effects of the transition to food production on social organization, including gender, as well as the chronology and structure of social change across the Central Plains. Undergraduate and graduate students will be educated and trained in the analysis of Smoky Hill phase material culture and the application of ceramic data and GIS tools to that analysis. By defining the community structure of twelfth through fourteenth century people on one part of the Central Plains, the result will be a better understanding of the social organization of early Plains farmers.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，研究人员将分析策划的陶瓷组合，以调查北美中央平原传统（CPT）的烟熏山阶段的社会形态。这个18个月的项目将将详细的陶瓷样式分析和中子激活分析应用于社会组织和互动问题，并将通过堪萨斯州中部和中北部的36个烟熏山相位地点来控制日期学。中部平原的史前时期（Cal A.D. 1100？1350年）以新兴的农业经济为特征，随之而来的是技术，定居点和社会组织的变化。社会组织是这些方面最了解的。基本的社会单位是经济上的自主家庭，但必须将家庭纳入社区。这种史前晚期的适应确实没有该地区的历史性类似物。该项目的主要目标是开发基于经验的模型，以绘制史前社会晚期的社会景观，并描绘在烟熏山阶段人民中形成的个别社区。该团队将使用陶瓷样式分析作为对个别家庭的社区隶属关系的代理。该分析将检查风格变化的多个维度，并将检查样式组的地理分布。该分析将通过使用年度植物物种进行广泛的放射性碳年代培养，以确保分析的材料与相关的成分同时发生。广泛的中子激活分析（NAA）将通过描述化学组成组并绘制其分布来评估社区内部和社区之间的相互作用。 GIS将是映射陶瓷样式组和化学组成组的关键视觉和分析工具。该项目的智力优点与传统的史前社会组织在中部平原上和普通平原上的生命之道的传统方式奠定了基础。传统的方式依赖于历史性的类比，并且已经纠正了社会组织的真正暴露的方面。但是，当代理论和方法现在允许社会组织得到经验的解决。这项研究的结果将是对从地理领域的这种代表性不足的社会形成类型的组织的基线研究，而这种社会形成也很大程度上不足。该研究的更广泛的影响是，它将有助于理论，教育和外展的进步。该项目支持有关过渡到粮食生产对社会组织的影响的理论，包括性别，以及整个中央平原的社会变革的年代和结构。本科生和研究生将接受教育和培训，以分析烟熏山相材料文化，以及将陶瓷数据和GIS工具应用于该分析。通过将十二世纪至14世纪人的社区结构定义在中部平原的一个部分，结果将更好地理解早期平原农民的社会组织。