Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant:Times of Change: Classic to Postclassic in Champotón, Campeche

博士论文改进补助金：变革时代：坎佩切州尚波通的经典到后经典

• 批准号: 0754433
• 负责人: Marilyn Masson
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0754433&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Times

The ancient Maya polities of the southern Gulf Coast, in the modern Mexican states of Tabasco and Campeche, have played a pivotal role in many influential models of the Classic to Postclassic transition. These states were strategically positioned along the major maritime trade route linking the distant regions of Mesoamerica. During the Postclassic Period (AD 1000-1450), the movement of goods and ideas along this corridor facilitated an unprecedented level of pan-Mesoamerican economic integration. While most cities of the central Maya lowlands were abandoned at the end of the Classic Period (AD 250-750), polities in the Gulf Coast region rose to prominence within changing economic and political systems in the Postclassic Period. Dissertation research conducted by Jerald D. Ek, under the supervision of Dr. Marilyn A. Masson, will document the relationships between political, economic, and environmental factors in processes of collapse and regeneration at the coastal Maya city of Chakanputun. The ancient city of Chakanputun was located on the central Campeche coast, at the mouth of the Rio Champoton. The location at the intersection of the Gulf Coast trade route and the only navigable river into the Yucatan Peninsula provided opportunities for participation in interregional trade and exploitation of marine and riverine food resources. Preliminary research has revealed evidence for drastic changes in political organization and settlement ecology within the Rio Champoton basin, including the abandonment of large Classic Period centers located inland and a marked concentration of populations at the emergent coastal city of Chakanputun during the Postclassic Period. This project will evaluate the economic foundations of these demographic and political processes through multi-phase archaeological research incorporating regional reconnaissance, settlement survey, and household excavations. The results of this project will have anthropological relevance in understanding the relationship between political, economic, and climatic factors in long-term processes. Research across Mesoamerica has documented a pattern of increasing economic integration, expansion of long-distance trade, and internationalism in the Postclassic Period. This project will examine the results of these pan-Mesoamerican processes within the Rio Champoton basin. With a large body of recent research highlighting the role of environmental catastrophe in the Classic Maya collapse, the mechanisms through which peoples responded to changing sets of constraints and opportunities within the physical environment has emerged as a crucial field of study. The results of this analysis will also have important implications for modern land use and environmental policy. Current research suggests that the catalysts of the Classic Maya collapse include population growth, deforestation, and environmental degradation during a period of relatively warm, wet climatic conditions, with the collapse of the large cities of the Classic period triggered by extended drought and a shift to dryer, cooler climate. Today, we are seeing the same types of processes repeating in many parts of Southern Mexico and Central America, with rapid deforestation and population growth taking place during a period of warm, wet conditions. Understanding how the ancient populations of Champoton were impacted by and managed to adapt to changing political, economic and environmental conditions could contribute to the development of sustainable modern land-use practices.

墨西哥湾沿岸南部、现代墨西哥塔巴斯科州和坎佩切州的古代玛雅政体在古典到后古典过渡的许多有影响力的模式中发挥了关键作用。这些国家战略性地位于连接中美洲偏远地区的主要海上贸易路线沿线。在后古典时期（公元1000-1450年），沿着这条走廊的商品和思想的流动促进了泛中美洲经济一体化达到前所未有的水平。虽然中部玛雅低地的大多数城市在古典时期（公元 250-750 年）末期被废弃，但墨西哥湾沿岸地区的政体在后古典时期不断变化的经济和政治体系中崛起。杰拉尔德·D·埃克 (Jerald D. Ek) 在玛丽莲·马森 (Marilyn A. Masson) 博士的指导下进行的论文研究将记录玛雅沿海城市查坎普顿 (Chakanputun) 崩溃和再生过程中政治、经济和环境因素之间的关系。 查坎普顿古城位于坎佩切海岸中部，商波顿河河口。位于墨西哥湾沿岸贸易路线和进入尤卡坦半岛唯一通航河流的交汇处，为参与区域间贸易以及海洋和河流粮食资源的开发提供了机会。初步研究揭示了里约热内卢商波顿盆地内政治组织和定居生态发生巨大变化的证据，包括位于内陆的大型古典时期中心的废弃以及后古典时期人口显着集中在新兴的沿海城市查坎普顿。该项目将通过结合区域勘察、定居点调查和家庭发掘的多阶段考古研究来评估这些人口和政治进程的经济基础。 该项目的结果对于理解长期过程中政治、经济和气候因素之间的关系具有人类学意义。 整个中美洲的研究记录了后古典时期经济一体化程度不断加深、长途贸易扩大和国际主义的模式。该项目将研究里约尚波顿盆地内这些泛中美洲进程的结果。最近的大量研究强调了环境灾难在经典玛雅崩溃中的作用，人们对自然环境中不断变化的限制和机会做出反应的机制已成为一个重要的研究领域。 这一分析的结果也将对现代土地利用和环境政策产生重要影响。目前的研究表明，经典玛雅崩溃的催化剂包括相对温暖、潮湿的气候条件时期的人口增长、森林砍伐和环境退化，而经典时期的大城市的崩溃是由长期干旱和向气候转变引发的。干燥，气候凉爽。如今，我们看到墨西哥南部和中美洲的许多地区正在重复同样的过程，在温暖潮湿的时期，森林砍伐迅速发生，人口增长迅速。了解尚波顿的古代居民如何受到不断变化的政治、经济和环境条件的影响并设法适应不断变化的政治、经济和环境条件，有助于可持续现代土地利用实践的发展。