COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Processes and patterns in back arc basin hydrothermal vent communities

合作研究：弧后盆地热液喷口群落的过程和模式

• 批准号: 0732333
• 负责人: Charles Fisher
• 金额: $ 35.53万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0732333&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Processes; patterns; back

A primary goal of this project is to understand species distributions in the types of communities found at the hydrothermal vents of the East Lau Spreading Center. A species? fundamental ecological niche is defined by its tolerance to abiotic conditions, with the realized niche constrained by negative inter-specific interactions, but also expanded by positive inter-specific interactions. In hydrothermal vent ecosystems the ultimate source of energy and food for the metazoans is the vent fluid, which is emitted from spatially limited areas on the sea floor. As an ecosystem, vents are somewhat atypical in that gradients of primary productivity are positively correlated with gradients of ecological stressors that include toxic chemistry and high temperatures. The resultant strong bottom up controls on species distribution at vents interact with a variety of positive and negative biological interactions to constrain the realized niche of each species. To meet the goal of this research, the collaborating investigators will use a combination of laboratory studies, analyses of in situ observations and measurements, and manipulative experiments. To define the potential (fundamental) niches of the key, symbiont-containing fauna, they will conduct shipboard experiments in pressurized respirometers and determine their thermal tolerances and preferences, tolerances to high sulfide and low oxygen levels, and determine which sulfur species are used and released by each. In order to define the realized niches of the major fauna they will analyze spatially correlated in situ biological community and hydrothermal fluid physiochemical data. In order to understand the mechanisms that drive the differences between the fundamental and realized niches of the key fauna, they will conduct a series of in situ manipulative experiments to characterize both positive and negative interactions among the foundation species. This proposal will continue a macrobiological component of the Integrated Studies at the Ridge 2000 Lau Basin study site. In addition to maintaining the high level of public and secondary school outreach activity typical of these scientists, this project will be integrated into the Ridge 2000 GLOBE education program: ?From Local to Extreme Environments (FLEXE).? These scientists will host a member of the FLEXE team on each research cruise and support a graduate student to work with the educator team on the interpretation of the environmental data and imagery collected for development of new GLOBE protocols. This project will also support inter-disciplinary training of at least 5 graduate students, through summer cross-training among labs, and provide research opportunities for 6-10 undergraduate students.

该项目的主要目的是了解东刘蔓延中心水热通风口的社区类型中的物种分布。一个物种？基本的生态利基是由对非生物条件的耐受性来定义的，实现的利基市场受到负特异性相互作用的约束，但也由特定于特异性的相互作用扩展。在水热通风生态系统中，后生动物的最终能源和食物是通风液，它是从海底空间有限的区域发出的。作为一个生态系统，通风孔在某种程度上是非典型的，因为主要生产力的梯度与包括毒性化学和高温包括的生态压力梯度呈正相关。最终对通风口物种分布的强大自下而上的控制与各种阳性和负生物学相互作用相互作用，以限制每个物种的实现利基市场。为了满足这项研究的目标，合作的研究人员将使用实验室研究的组合，原位观察和测量的分析以及操纵实验。为了定义关键的含有共生动物动物的潜在（基本）壁ni，他们将在加压呼吸仪中进行船板实验，并确定其热公差和偏好，对高硫化物和低氧气的公差，并确定每个硫种类使用哪些硫物种并释放。为了定义主要动物区系的实现壁ni，他们将分析与原位生物学群落和水热流体生理学数据相关的空间相关性。为了了解驱动关键动物区域基本和已实现的壁ni之间差异的机制，他们将进行一系列原位操纵实验，以表征基础物种之间的正相互作用和负面相互作用。该提案将继续在Ridge 2000 Lau Basin研究地点进行综合研究的宏观生物学组成部分。除了维持这些科学家典型的公立和中学外展活动外，该项目还将集成到Ridge 2000 Globe教育计划中：从当地到极端环境（FlexE）。这些科学家将在每次研究巡游中接待Flexe团队的成员，并支持研究生与教育工作者团队合作，解释收集的环境数据和图像，以开发新的Globe协议。该项目还将通过实验室之间的夏季交叉培训来支持至少5位研究生的跨学科培训，并为6-10名本科生提供研究机会。