Coral Reef Primary Production and Calcification: Quantitative Analysis of Sensitivity to Environmental Forcing using a Control Volume Approach

珊瑚礁初级生产和钙化：使用控制体积方法对环境强迫的敏感性进行定量分析

• 批准号: 0729236
• 负责人: Robert Dunbar
• 金额: $ 44.88万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-11-01 至 2011-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0729236&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coral; Reef; Primary; Production; Calcification

The oceans are currently experiencing both warming and acidification due to the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, with surface ocean pH expected to drop by at least 0.3 pH units by the year 2100. Coral reefs are especially vulnerable to both factors. In this research, scientists from Stanford University will focus on the effects of acidification, combining novel methods and approaches from the fields of engineering, physical oceanography, and marine biogeochemistry to develop a quantitative understanding of the flow of carbon throughout the physical environment and varied communities of a healthy coral reef. During four field seasons at Heron Island Marine Station, located on the Great Barrier Reef, they will make the first simultaneous and in situ measurements of Net Community Production/Respiration and Net Community Calcification/Dissolution on a large intact coral reef tract by determining water column inorganic carbon system properties along the boundaries of a 3-dimensional control volume (CV). The overall goals of the proposed research are to: 1) Quantify how energy flows between a coral reef and the open ocean, and within different reef environments, by direct, in situ measurements of carbon system fluxes; 2) Describe diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability in primary production and calcification and their dependency on flow regime and carbonate saturation state; and 3) Develop predictive assessments regarding the interactive response of coral reef systems to ongoing perturbations of global climate and the carbon cycle. To achieve these goals, the PIs will install an array of current meters, wave gauges, and thermistors to determine the hydrodynamic regime within the control volume at a spatial scale of 10 cm and time scale of seconds. Then, using the Reynolds Transport Theorem and water column carbon chemistry data, they will calculate net fluxes through each of the four CV faces and the surface boundary, and thereby determine net carbon fluxes between the benthic community and the overlying water.Broader impacts includes student mentoring, international collaboration, and outreach efforts. Stanford University conducts an overseas study program in Australia that will permit 3 to 5 undergraduate students to participate in this project for their honors thesis. Scientists from developing nations, such as Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, or other western Pacific nations, will also gain experience in geochemical monitoring of the coastal ocean. The PIs will also work with museum experts to develop a museum exhibit on ocean acidification and coral reefs.

由于大气二氧化碳水平的增加，海洋目前正在经历变暖和酸化，到2100年，地表海洋pH值预计至少下降0.3 pH单位。珊瑚礁尤其容易受到这两个因素的影响。 在这项研究中，斯坦福大学的科学家将重点关注酸化的影响，结合工程，物理海洋学和海洋生物地球化学领域的新颖方法和方法，以对碳在整个物理环境中的流动进行定量理解，并多样化。健康的珊瑚礁。 在位于大堡礁的Heron Island Marine Station的四个野外季节中，他们将通过确定水柱进行大型完整的珊瑚礁区域上的净社区生产/呼吸和净社区钙化/净社区钙化/净钙化/解散的现场测量沿3维控制体积（CV）的边界的无机碳系统性能。 拟议的研究的总体目标是：1）量化珊瑚礁和开阔海洋之间以及在不同的礁石环境中，通过直接，原位测量碳系统通量在不同的礁石环境中流动的方式； 2）描述初级生产和钙化的昼夜，季节性和年际变化及其对流动状态和碳酸盐饱和状态的依赖； 3）关于珊瑚礁系统对持续的全球气候和碳循环扰动的互动响应的预测评估。为了实现这些目标，PI将安装一个电流仪表，波浪测量值和热敏电阻的阵列，以确定控制量内部的流体动力状态，其空间尺度为10 cm，时间尺度为秒。 然后，使用雷诺传输定理和水柱碳化学数据，他们将计算通过四个CV面和表面边界的净通量，从而确定底栖族社区与上面的水之间的净碳通量。BROADER的影响包括学生的影响。指导，国际合作和推广工作。 斯坦福大学在澳大利亚开展了一项海外学习计划，该计划将允许3至5名本科生参加该项目的荣誉论文。来自发展中国家，印度尼西亚，巴布亚新几内亚或其他西太平洋国家等发展中国家的科学家也将获得对沿海海洋的地球化学监测的经验。 PIS还将与博物馆专家合作开发有关海洋酸化和珊瑚礁的博物馆展览。