Collaborative Research: Interannual Variability of Coastal Phytoplankton Blooms in the Gulf of Maine and Their Relationships to Local and Remote Forcings

合作研究：缅因湾沿海浮游植物数量的年际变化及其与本地和远程强迫的关系

• 批准号: 0727033
• 负责人: Rubao Ji
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0727033&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Interannual; Variability; Coastal

The aim of this project is to explore the interaction of remote climate based forcing with local forcing to impact phytoplankton blooms in coastal and shelf regions with a coupled biological-physical model. Phytoplankton bloom dynamics are a classic example of biological-physical interactions in the ocean (Gran and Braarud, 1935; Sverdrup, 1953). Yet it is still a challenge to identify the dominant processes controlling the interannual variability of phytoplankton blooms in coastal and shelf seas where multiple-scale biological and physical processes interact. The unstructured-grid, finite-volume, coastal ocean model (FVCOM, built within the GLOBEC Georges Bank Program) bridges the multi-scale physical processes of the Gulf of Maine and includes both local and remote forcing. Twelve years of prognostic simulation and assimilation experiment products, with careful comparison/validation with field measurements, provide a unique background and tools with which to explore the interannual variability of ecosystem dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. This project will examine relationships between the dynamics of spring and fall phytoplankton blooms in the Gulf and local and remote forcing. A specific focus is the variability Scotian Shelf Water and Slope Water inflows. A series of numerical experiments will be conducted to test long-standing and recently-proposed hypotheses, including the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation as it influences Warm Slope Water versus Labrador Slope Water dynamics, which in turn affect nutrient fluxes to the Gulf of Maine and vertical fluxes between surface and deep waters. The influence of surface water freshening (related to Scotian Shelf Water inflow, in turn believed to be affected by global warming) on the vertical density structure of the water column, winter convection, and consequently, the timing/magnitude of blooms, will also be addressed. The process-oriented coupled biological and physical model experiments will focus on the date-rich period 1998-2001 when pronounced large-scale forcing conditions occurred. Providing new insights into the influence of large-scale forcing on the dynamics and productivity of coastal ocean ecosystems will be a significant advance in our understanding of phytoplankton blooms dynamics, which has been traditionally focused on local forcing and seasonal changes. The project will provide a web-based open archive of the 1995-2006 coupled model hourly physical and biological output, and produce a tested coupled biological-physical model system available for other ongoing (e.g. ECOHAB) and future ecosystem studies in the Gulf of Maine and other coastal oceans. The web-based ocean forecast model system being developed by UMASSD-WHOI will benefit directly from this project by helping to optimize the design of ocean observatories and help shape the future of interdependent model-observing systems.Broader Impacts: Results will be broadly disseminated to the general research, undergraduate and graduate education communities, K-12 institutions, and to the interested public through web-based servers using existing infrastructure at the investigators' institutions. Web-based users will be able to access project description, scientific results, model input and output archives, animations of various physical and biological fields, etc. Collaboration with the New Bedford SEALAB Marine Science Education Center and the WHOI/UMASS COSEE program will foster communication with K-12 teachers and students and the public both nationally and internationally.

该项目的目的是探索远程气候的相互作用，强迫与局部强迫用耦合的生物体物理模型影响沿海和货架区域的浮游植物盛开。浮游植物布鲁姆动力学是海洋生物形态相互作用的经典例子（Gran and Braarud，1935; Sverdrup，1953年）。然而，确定控制浮游植物在沿海和货架海中浮游生物的际变异性的主要过程仍然是一个挑战，在这些过程中，多个规模的生物学和物理过程相互作用。非结构化网格，有限体积的沿海海洋模型（FVCOM，在Globec Georges Bank计划中建造）桥梁桥梁的多尺度物理过程，包括缅因州的多尺度物理过程，包括本地和远程强迫。十二年的预后模拟和同化实验产品与现场测量进行了仔细的比较/验证，提供了一种独特的背景和工具，可以探索缅因州湾生态系统动态的年度变异性。该项目将研究春季和秋季浮游植物在海湾以及局部和远程强迫中开花的动态之间的关系。特定的重点是可变性的斯科舍式架子水和坡水流入。将进行一系列数值实验，以测试长期存在和最近提出的假设，包括北大西洋振荡的影响，因为它影响了温暖的斜坡与拉布拉多斜坡水动力学，这又影响了养分的养分，从而影响了缅因州湾和表面和深水之间的繁殖通量。地表水清新（反过来与斯科舍省的水流流入，被认为会受到全球变暖的影响）对水柱的垂直密度结构，冬季对流以及因此，盛开的时机/幅度也将得到解决。当发生明显的大规模强迫条件时，以过程为导向的生物学和物理模型实验将集中于1998- 2001年的富时期。在我们对浮游植物浮游动力学的理解中，提供大规模强迫对沿海海洋生态系统动态和生产力的影响的新见解将是一个重大进步，传统上一直集中在局部强迫和季节性的变化上。该项目将提供1995 - 2006年耦合模型小时的物理和生物产量的基于网络的开放档案，并生产经过测试的耦合生物体物理模型系统，可用于其他正在进行的（例如Ecohab）和缅因州墨西哥湾和其他沿海海洋的未来生态系统研究。 UMASSD-WHOI开发的基于Web的海洋预测模型系统将通过帮助优化海洋观测站的设计直接受益于该项目，并帮助塑造相互依存的模型吸引系统的未来。BOADER的影响：BOADER的影响：将广泛地将其跨度的研究人员和基础研究人员介绍给IMENS INFRAS INFRASITINES，并通过K-11的研究员，以及IMES INFRAS INFRAS，以及IMENS INFRAS的公众，以及对媒体的现有公共服务的现有，并将其广泛疾病。机构。基于Web的用户将能够访问项目描述，科学结果，模型输入和输出档案，各种物理和生物学领域的动画等。与新贝德福德Sealab海洋科学教育中心合作以及WHOI/UMASS COSEE计划将促进与K-12教师以及学生以及全国和国际公众的沟通。