Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gender and the Evaluation of Job Applicants in Interactive Settings

博士论文研究：互动环境中的性别与求职者评价

• 批准号: 0703220
• 负责人: Shelley Correll
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0703220&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Gender; Evaluation

Shelley CorrellEsther QuinteroCornell UniversityResearchers have argued that occupational sex segregation will not be fully understood until detailed data are collected on natural (Biernat & Fuegen 2001) and non-scripted settings where men and women interact (Ridgeway & Correll 2004). Interactional sites are crucial to the maintenance and reproduction of hegemonic gender beliefs which often result in subtle, but cumulative disadvantages for women in the workplace (Ridgeway 1997). Thus, it is essential to examine interactional settings to understand and address persisting inequalities between men and women in employment. This project intends to make a direct contribution to this goal by applying formal theory established via laboratory experiments to a real-world context where actual job applicants interact with evaluators who are recruiting them for jobs. Although hiring settings are rarely accessible to researchers, this project identifies a unique context that permits direct observation and data collection on real hiring decisions made in the course of direct interaction. This study looks at the Spanish exam system that is used to recruit candidates to fill important government jobs where women are currently underrepresented; about 20% of these jobs are filled by women. In Spain, civil service competitions are public and consist of various qualifying rounds of testing where job applicants and evaluators interact face-to-face. Important gender differences have been observed at testing rounds that involve a high level of applicant-evaluator interaction, but not at rounds where interaction is minimal. This project will examine the content of these interactions, and will identify the specific mechanisms that are preventing women from being recruited. I observed, voice recorded, and transcribed 90 interactive exam sessions. An analysis of these taped sessions will help us understand why important gender differences emerge only in interactive rounds but not in others. The knowledge gained from this research will serve to generate theory based interventions to promote equal representation of men and women across industries and jobs. Current policy measures are not always effective partly because they are divorced from sociological theory and knowledge. This study will shed light on the specific processes by which evaluators and recruiters are often compelled to choose male applicants to fill the best jobs. A better understanding of such processes will guide policy recommendations to help women as they seek to obtain high status positions.

雪莱·库雷勒斯特·奎因特罗内尔大学研究人员认为，直到收集自然的详细数据（Biernat＆Fuegen 2001）和男性和女性互动的非脚本环境之前，才能完全理解职业性隔离（Ridgeway＆Correll 2004）。互动场所对于维持和繁殖霸权的性别信念至关重要，霸权观念通常会导致工作场所中女性的微妙但累积的缺点（Ridgeway 1997）。因此，必须检查互动环境，以了解和解决就业中男女之间的持续不平等。该项目打算通过应用实验室实验建立的正式理论对现实世界中的环境进行直接贡献，在该环境中，实际工作申请人与正在招募工作的评估者互动。尽管研究人员很少访问招聘设置，但该项目确定了一个独特的上下文，可以直接观察和数据收集有关直接互动过程中真正的招聘决策的直接数据。这项研究着眼于西班牙考试系统，该系统用于招募候选人，以填补目前代表性不足的妇女的重要政府工作；这些工作中约有20％被妇女填补。在西班牙，公务员竞赛是公开的，包括各种合格的测试，求职者和评估人员面对面互动。在涉及高水平的申请人 - 评估器相互作用的测试回合中已经观察到了重要的性别差异，但在相互作用最小的回合中却没有观察到重要的性别差异。该项目将检查这些相互作用的内容，并将确定阻止妇女被招募的特定机制。我观察，录制，并抄录了90次交互式考试课程。对这些录音会议的分析将有助于我们理解为什么重要的性别差异仅在互动回合中出现，而在其他互动过程中不会出现。从这项研究中获得的知识将有助于产生基于理论的干预措施，以促进跨行业和工作的男女平等代表。当前的政策措施并不总是部分有效的，部分原因是它们与社会学理论和知识离婚。这项研究将阐明评估人员和招聘人员经常被迫选择男性申请人来填补最佳工作的特定过程。对此类过程的更好理解将指导政策建议，以帮助妇女寻求获得高地位地位。