Hard Probes of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

相对论性重离子碰撞的硬探针

• 批准号: 0701487
• 负责人: Jiangyong Jia
• 金额: $ 31.5万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0701487&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hard; Probes; Relativistic; Heavy; Ion

At extremely high temperature and density, the normal nuclear matter we experience every day ``melts'' into the so called Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase consisting of ``quasi-free'' quarks and gluons, a phase believed to have existed during the first 10 microseconds after our universe was born in the Big Bang. This QGP can be created by heating matter above a temperature of 170 millon electron volts. Experimentally, this is done by colliding two large nuclei (typically Gold or Lead) at very high energy. The resulting hot and dense fireball is expected to expand under its own pressure, and cool down. Properties of the QGP such as its temperature, pressure, chemical potential, viscosity, diffusion coefficient, speed of sound, etc. can be deduced from thousands of particles emitted from the fireball and detected with large scale particle detectors surrounding the interaction region. Such studies are being carried out in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-ion Collider (RHIC) and planned for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), respectively. The proposed research is focused on a set of exclusive measurements that can establish the properties of the high density matter created at RHIC via the PHENIX detector, and on investigating the possibilities of applying these measurement techniques at LHC using the ATLAS detector. Specifically, the properties of this matter will be probed via measurements of high energy single jets and back-to-back jet pairs (di-jets). The proposed research will improve our present understanding of the fundamental nature of the matter under extreme conditions, and therefore has a broad impact on other fields of endeavor such as astrophysics and super-string theories. Participation by graduate students and undergraduate students is expected throughout the program. The PHENIX experiment provide a diverse array of research topics at all levels of education, as well as an excellent working environment involving interactions between hundreds of scientists in the field, and unique opportunities for career development in programming, hardware, leadership and academics.

在极高的温度和密度下，我们每天都会体验到的正常核物质``融化''到所谓的Quark-gluon等离子体（QGP）相，该相位由````QGP''QUARKS and GLUONS组成在我们的宇宙出生在大爆炸中之后的前10微秒内就存在。该QGP可以通过高于170毫米电子伏特的温度以高于温度来创建。在实验上，这是通过在非常高能量的两个大核（通常是金或铅）碰撞来完成的。预计由此产生的热和密集的火球将在其自身的压力下扩大，并冷却。 QGP的特性，例如其温度，压力，化学势，粘度，扩散系数，声音速度等，可以从从火球发出的数千个颗粒中推导，并用围绕相互作用区域的大型粒子探测器检测到。此类研究是在相对论重型离子对撞机（RHIC）的Phenix实验中进行的，并计划分别用于大型强子对撞机（LHC）的ATLAS实验。拟议的研究集中在一组独家测量上，这些测量值可以通过苯金检测器来确定RHIC在RHIC中产生的高密度物质的性质，并研究使用Atlas detter在LHC上应用这些测量技术的可能性。具体而言，将通过测量高能量单射流和背对背喷射对（DI-JET）来探测此问题的性能。拟议的研究将改善我们对在极端条件下物质基本本质的当前理解，因此对其他努力领域（例如天体物理学和超级弦理论）产生了广泛的影响。在整个课程中预计，研究生和本科生的参与。 Phenix实验在各个级别的教育方面提供了各种各样的研究主题，以及一个涉及该领域数百名科学家之间互动的出色工作环境，以及在编程，硬件，领导力和学术界中进行职业发展的独特机会。