International Research Fellowship Program: The Effect of Environmental Stresses on the Structure and Function of Arabidopsis Telomeres

国际研究奖学金计划：环境压力对拟南芥端粒结构和功能的影响

• 批准号: 0700946
• 负责人: James Watson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Watson James M
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0700946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Effect

0700946WatsonThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four-month research fellowship by Dr. J. Matthew Watson to work with Dr. Karel Riha at the Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, in Vienna, Austria.Global climactic change is expected to challenge the world's organisms with new extremes in their environments. Plants, because of their inability to leave their current environment, must adapt to their new environmental extremes or die. Many studies have borne out the abilities of plants to respond to changes in climate, both in the short-term by physiological changes but also through adaptation by genetic and epigenetic changes. A major barrier to genetic rearrangements is telomeres, the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres serve to overcome the end-replication problem, and prevent the chromosome ends from being recognized as DNA double strand breaks. Increases in abiotic stress in humans have been linked to a decrease in the total length of the telomere when compared with age-matched controls, suggesting that an increase in stress may abrogate the ability of telomeres to protect the end of the chromosome. Furthermore, the environmental extremes predicted to occur in response to global warming have been shown to disrupt telomere function. The applicant hypothesizes that chronic exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to some of the stresses proposed to be caused by global warming will result in changes in telomere structure and abrogation of telomere function. Loss of function will be evidenced by an increase in telomere recombination and an increase in the number of telomere fusions, leading to genomic instability. A seven lab consortium is beginning a systematic study of the genetic and epigenetic changes that occur in Arabidopsis in response to acute and chronic stress. As a small part of this study, the effect of these stressors on telomeres will be integrated with global changes in the plant's genome and epigenome, with the eventual goal of determining the molecular pathways that lead from stress response to telomere dysfunction.

0700946WATSONTHE THENTHE国际研究奖学金计划使美国的科学家和工程师能够在国外进行九至二十四个月的研究。 The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four-month research fellowship by Dr. J. Matthew Watson to work with Dr. Karel Riha at the Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, in Vienna, Austria.Global climactic change is expected to challenge the world's organisms with new extremes in their环境。由于植物无法离开当前的环境，必须适应新的环境极端或死亡。许多研究都证明了植物能够应对气候变化的能力，无论是在短期内通过生理变化，而且还通过遗传和表观遗传学变化而适应。遗传重排的主要障碍是端粒，这是真核染色体的物理末端。端粒可以克服终端复制问题，并防止染色体末端被识别为DNA双链断裂。与年龄匹配的对照组相比，人类非生物应力的增加与端粒总长度的减小有关，这表明压力的增加可能会消除端粒保护染色体末端的能力。此外，预计会因全球变暖而发生的环境极端被证明会破坏端粒功能。申请人假设拟南芥长期暴露于全球变暖引起的某些应力会导致端粒结构的变化和端粒功能的废除。端粒重组的增加和端粒融合次数增加，功能丧失将证明，导致基因组不稳定性。一个七个实验联盟正在开始对拟南芥响应急性和慢性应激而发生的遗传和表观遗传变化的系统研究。作为这项研究的一小部分，这些压力源对端粒的影响将与植物基因组和表观基因组的全球变化集成，并最终确定从远程触发功能障碍的压力响应导致的分子途径。