Doctoral Dissertation Research: Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology among Coastal Foragers of Southeastern Brazil

博士论文研究：测试巴西东南部沿海采集者采用陶瓷技术的生存模式

• 批准号: 0648770
• 负责人: Lori Wright
• 金额: $ 0.31万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-15 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0648770&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Testing; Subsistence

Many argue that hunter-gatherer groups adopt pottery for subsistence purposes, such as storage and cooking/food processing. Others argue that early pottery supports a system of social differentiation, whereby it is used as a prestige item in competitive feasting or as serving vessels for elite members of the group. For thousands of years, groups of fisher-hunter-gatherers exploited abundant marine and terrestrial resources along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, and constructed large shellfish mounds, called sambaquis, where people built villages and buried their dead. Pottery first appeared at sambaqui sites 1000 years ago, with no other evident change in technology. This research will test the subsistence model for the adoption of ceramic technology among sambaqui groups, and provide a comprehensive study of coastal forager diet in southeastern Brazil from 5000 to 600 BP. This study examines the assumption that the appearance of pottery in the archaeological record indicates a shift in diet or food processing techniques.The investigators will use human skeletal and dental remains from archaeological sites in the Brazilian states of Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro to investigate whether the diet of coastal foragers changed with the adoption of pottery. These populations are ideal for this study because they exploited marine and terrestrial resources along the Atlantic coast over a long and environmentally stable period of time. The researchers will analyze stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios derived from bone collagen and apatite to examine sources of plant and animal consumption before and after the introduction of pottery. This study will be the first to directly explore the possibility that coastal foraging groups began cultivating maize at 1000 BP. The researchers will conduct a study of dental microwear using texture analysis, a method that will create a 3D image of the occlusal aspect of the tooth surface. This method has a low rate of observer error, and is quantifiable and repeatable. Microwear data will be used to evaluate changes in diet between Pre-Ceramic and Ceramic occupations, as well as determine if changes in food processing techniques occurred with the adoption of pottery. This study will address theoretical problems in anthropology regarding the sociopolitical and economic correlates of pottery at prehistoric sites, and explore the social dynamics of technological change among sedentary hunter-gatherers. It will also provide dietary data that will contribute to models of prehistoric adaptation in coastal environments. This project will supply the graduate student with the training and qualifications necessary to pursue future anthropological research as a PhD, and will lay a foundation for future collaborative investigations with archaeologists and anthropologists in Brazil. The results of this dissertation will be presented to the broader academic community at scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journals.

许多人认为，狩猎采集者团体为生存目的采用陶器，例如存储和烹饪/食品加工。其他人则认为，早期的陶器支持社会差异化体系，从而将其用作竞争性盛宴或为该小组精英成员服务的船只的声望。数千年来，一群费舍尔狩猎采集者沿着巴西大西洋海岸剥削了丰富的海洋和陆地资源，并建造了大型贝类丘陵，称为Sambaquis，人们在那里建造了村庄并埋葬了死者。陶器首次出现在1000年前的Sambaqui网站上，没有其他明显的技术变化。这项研究将测试桑巴qui群中陶瓷技术采用的生存模型，并对巴西东南部的沿海觅食者饮食进行全面研究，从5000至600桶。这项研究检查了以下假设：考古记录中陶器的出现表明饮食或食物加工技术发生了变化。研究人员将使用人类的骨骼和牙科遗物，来自巴西圣卡塔琳娜州和里约热内卢州的考古遗址，并研究了沿海地区的研究，以调查沿海饮食与陶器的收养者是否改变了沿海的饮食。这些人群是这项研究的理想选择，因为它们在漫长而环境稳定的一段时间内利用了大西洋沿岸的海洋和陆地资源。研究人员将分析从骨胶原蛋白和磷灰石中得出的稳定碳和氮同位素比，以检查引入陶器之前和之后动植物消耗的来源。这项研究将是第一个直接探讨沿海觅食群体开始以1000桶培养玉米的可能性。研究人员将使用纹理分析对牙齿微粒进行研究，该方法将创建牙齿表面咬合方面的3D图像。该方法的观察者误差率较低，并且可量化且可重复。 Micrear数据将用于评估陶瓷和陶瓷职业之间饮食的变化，并确定食物加工技术的变化是否随着陶器的采用而发生。这项研究将解决有关史前场所陶器社会政治和经济相关性人类学中的理论问题，并探讨久坐的猎人 - 采集者技术变革的社会动态。它还将提供饮食数据，这些数据将有助于沿海环境中的史前适应模型。该项目将为研究生提供作为博士学位的未来人类学研究所需的培训和资格，并将为与巴西考古学家和人类学家的未来合作调查奠定基础。本文的结果将在科学会议和同行评审期刊上向更广泛的学术界提出。