IRADS Collaborative Research: Influences of Digital Media on Very Young Children

IRADS 合作研究：数字媒体对幼儿的影响

• 批准号: 0623856
• 负责人: Elizabeth Vandewater
• 金额: $ 49.82万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IRADS; Collaborative; Research; Influences; Digital

Over the past four years, digital media products directed at infants and very young children have exploded into the market place. With the penetration of these digital products into households, the average U.S. infant and toddler now invests approximately two hours each day with media, beginning with DVD viewing in the first months of life followed by computer exposure in a parent's lap at about age 2. These early media use patterns persist despite the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics that children should not experience screen exposure before the age of 2. Although preliminary data do suggest negative effects of screen exposure when infants are heavily exposed to television programs designed for adult audiences, little is currently known about the positive or negative effects of programs designed for very young children, or how infants and toddlers come to understand these first media experiences. An interdisciplinary research team from the Children's Digital Media Center will use a multi-theoretical and multi-method approach to track early digital media exposure and how that exposure influences infants' and very young children's attention and learning. Guiding the research program are two distinct but complementary theories, one involving the comprehensibility of the content and the other focusing on the grammar of media (formal features such as action, music, and sound effects). As one component of the program, national surveys will document patterns of change and continuity over time in very young children's access to, and uses of, various digital media platforms, such as DVDs, computers, and music. A second component will entail content analyses of the formal production features used in popular digital products for the very young. This formal feature analysis will be used, in part, to set the stage for selecting and creating stimuli for experimental and observational research. This third component will involve determining how infants and very young children learn from digital media exposure. Experimental studies will also be employed to examine factors that influence major cognitive accomplishments, such as understanding that events presented on a screen can represent real-life events. Together with other methods, the experimental research will include eye-tracking studies to pinpoint how very young children learn to read a screen. In contrast to popular belief, infants' digital media use functions as more than a surrogate for a babysitter. Rather, digital media use is a major environmental influence from the earliest months of life. This project will provide new information about the early exposure of very young children to media specifically created for them and advance current understanding of the most critical features involved in the construction of these products. The project will also generate knowledge of the means by which infants and toddlers come to understand symbolic media presentations, a key to understanding infants' intellectual development. The outcomes of this project will likely guide the development of digital products designed for the very young, may influence federal media policies, and inform parental decisions about the media choices and early media exposure that they provide for their infants and young children.

在过去的四年中，针对婴儿和非常小的孩子的数字媒体产品已经爆炸到了市场。随着这些数字产品进入家庭的渗透，现在，美国的平均婴儿和幼儿每天大约需要两个小时的媒体投资，首先是在生命的头几个月中查看DVD，然后在父母大约2岁的父母圈中进行计算机暴露。这些早期的媒体使用模式仍然持续到美国的儿童学院的建议，尽管在筛选筛查之前，但在筛选筛查时仍应进行筛查，尽管在筛查中会播放2个年龄段的数据。目前，人们对专为成人观众设计的电视节目大量了解，目前知之甚少，这是针对非常年幼的孩子设计的计划的积极或负面影响，或者婴儿和幼儿如何理解这些第一个媒体的经历。来自儿童数字媒体中心的跨学科研究团队将使用多理论和多方法的方法来跟踪早期的数字媒体曝光，以及这种曝光如何影响婴儿和非常小的孩子的注意力和学习。指导研究计划是两种不同但互补的理论，一种涉及内容的可理解性，另一个涉及媒体语法（正式功能，例如动作，音乐和声音效果）。作为该计划的一个组成部分，国家调查将记录随着时间​​的流逝的变化和连续性模式，以访问和使用各种数字媒体平台，例如DVD，计算机和音乐。第二个组件将需要对年轻的流行数字产品中使用的正式生产功能进行内容分析。该形式的特征分析将部分用于为实验和观察性研究选择和创建刺激奠定阶段。第三部分将涉及确定婴儿和非常小的孩子如何从数字媒体曝光中学习。还将采用实验研究来研究影响主要认知成就的因素，例如了解屏幕上呈现的事件可以代表现实生活中的事件。与其他方法一起，实验研究将包括吸引人的研究，以确定非常小的孩子如何学习阅读屏幕。与普遍的看法相反，婴儿的数字媒体使用功能不仅仅是保姆的替代功能。相反，数字媒体使用是生命最早的主要环境影响。该项目将提供有关非常年幼的孩子早期暴露于专门为他们创建的媒体的新信息，并促进对这些产品构建最关键特征的当前理解。该项目还将建立知识，以了解婴儿和幼儿了解符号媒体的演示，这是理解婴儿智力发展的关键。该项目的结果可能会指导为年轻设计而设计的数字产品的开发，可能会影响联邦媒体政策，并为父母的决定提供有关媒体选择和为婴儿和幼儿提供的早期媒体曝光的决定。