Collaborative Research: Evolution of Population Connectivity in Sea Stars

合作研究：海星群体连通性的演变

• 批准号: 0623699
• 负责人: Richard Grosberg
• 金额: $ 42.99万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623699&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evolution; Population; Connectivity

Drs. Toonen and Grosberg will study population genetic variation and reproduction in sea stars (Asterinidae, or bat stars) found in shallow temperate and tropical oceans around the world. Marine population genetic variation has largely been interpreted in terms of dispersal differences: strong genetic drift among populations, local inbreeding, frequent local extinction, and potential for local adaptation in species without planktonic larvae; strong gene flow, little genetic drift, limited inbreeding, and fewer opportunities for speciation or extinction in species with widespread larval dispersal. However, recent studies in various organisms and oceans using diverse genetic markers suggest that this view is limited. Processes other than dispersal in ocean currents may have a predominant influence on population genetic structure. Many species may not be expected to approach population genetic equilibrium between dispersal, gene flow, mutation, and genetic drift. This research will help to test these expectations and expand the view of population genetic variation in the ocean by (1) comparing population structure using multiple genes for different bat star lineages and species with modified life cycles; (2) assessing the contribution of other life cycle differences (especially selfing and internal fertilization) to population genetic patterns; (3) using known phylogenetic relationships among species to ask how often convergent evolution of life cycle traits has resulted in similar population genetic patterns; (4) evaluating the contribution of historical processes such as geographical range expansion, climate change, or recent speciation events that could push population genetic patterns away from expected patterns based on dispersal potential; (5) estimating the impact of gene flow and population structure on the evolution of reproductive incompatibility between gametes (at fertilization) or between genomes (during larval development). The investigators and their students will join an established collaboration involving Canadian and Australian researchers. Female, native Hawaiian, and Australian Aboriginal student researchers from all four institutions will work in diverse field (Alaska, British Columbia, California, Baja, Queensland, New South Wales) and lab settings. These students will develop a combination of skills in molecular genetics, quantitative analysis, phylogenetics, and reproductive biology. If previous studies are any guide, the results are likely to contribute to basic knowledge of biological diversity in the ocean by identifying new cryptic species. The comparative population genetic analysis will help marine ecologists and conservation biologists understand the mix of factors that contribute to population structure and local genetic diversity. Such knowledge is crucial to issues such as the location and management of marine protected areas in California, the conservation status of some endangered Australian asterinids that are threatened by coastal development and noxious invasive species and have been given protected status; and the unique genetic properties of the marine organisms in the proposed Gwaii Haanas World Heritage Site in the Queen Charlotte Islands.

博士。 Toonen和Grosberg将研究世界各地浅水和热带海洋中发现的海星（Asterinidae或Bat Stars）的人口遗传变异和繁殖。 海洋种群的遗传变异在很大程度上是用分散差异来解释的：种群之间的强烈遗传漂移，局部近交，频繁的局部灭绝以及在没有浮游幼虫的物种中局部适应的潜力；强大的基因流动，很少的遗传漂移，有限的近亲繁殖以及在幼虫分散广泛的物种中形成或灭绝的机会较少。但是，使用多种遗传标记的各种生物和海洋的最新研究表明，这种观点是有限的。洋流中分散以外的其他过程可能会对人口遗传结构产生主要影响。可能不会期望许多物种在分散，基因流，突变和遗传漂移之间达到种群遗传平衡。这项研究将有助于测试这些期望，并通过（1）使用多个基因与不同的蝙蝠星谱系和物种与修改的生命周期进行多个基因比较种群结构来扩大海洋中种群遗传变异的看法； （2）评估其他生命周期差异（尤其是自我施肥和内部受精）对种群遗传模式的贡献； （3）使用物种之间的已知系统发育关系询问生命周期特征的收敛频率导致种群遗传模式相似； （4）评估历史过程的贡献，例如地理范围扩展，气候变化或最近的物种物种事件，这些事件可能会将种群遗传模式推向基于分散潜力的预期模式； （5）估计基因流量和种群结构对配子之间或基因组（幼虫发育过程中）之间生殖不相容的影响的影响。调查人员及其学生将加入涉及加拿大和澳大利亚研究人员的既定合作。来自所有四个机构的女性，夏威夷原住民和澳大利亚原住民学生研究人员将在不同领域（阿拉斯加，不列颠哥伦比亚省，加利福尼亚州，巴哈，昆士兰州，新南威尔士州，新南威尔士州）和实验室环境中工作。这些学生将发展分子遗传学，定量分析，系统发育和生殖生物学方面的技能。如果以前的研究是任何指南，结果可能会通过识别新的隐性物种来促进海洋生物多样性的基础知识。比较人口遗传分析将有助于海洋生态学家和保护生物学家了解有助于种群结构和局部遗传多样性的因素的组合。这种知识对于加利福尼亚州海洋保护区的位置和管理等问题至关重要。以及在夏洛特皇后群岛拟议的Gwaii Haanas世界遗产中，海洋生物的独特遗传特性。