The Copernican Revolution From Below

自下而上的哥白尼革命

• 批准号: 0620432
• 负责人: Richard Kremer
• 金额: $ 11.85万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0620432&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Copernican; Revolution; Below

The Copernican Revolution From BelowThis project seeks to turn upside down the traditional account of the "CopernicanRevolution" by examining the work of a wide variety of mathematical practitioners fromacross Europe that has remained essentially unstudied by previous historians. Theseprinters, physicians, surgeons, astrologers, instrument makers, city officials, and "loversof astronomy" (as they called themselves) produced hundreds of editions of annualcalendars, prognostications and practica in the century following Copernicus. To preparethese periodica, the authors had to decide whether to compute planetary positions fromthe medieval Alfonsine Tables or from more recent tables derived from Copernicus,Tycho Brahe, or Kepler. Many of them explicitly discussed the choices they faced.From this vantage point, the Copernican Revolution becomes less a matter of naturalphilosophy, religion or realism debated at universities and more a matter of numeracy,empirical evaluation of astronomical predictions, medical practice, clock-making and thecompetitive business of printing in the everyday bustle of towns from London to Vienna.Intellectual MeritWith its approach to mathematical astronomy from below, the monographresulting from this project will provide yet another story of how ordinary people helpedmake the Scientific Revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Extending thework of historians like William Eamon, Harold Cook, Paula Findlen, Pamela Smith,William Newman and Mario Biagioli, my book will investigate the lives of more than400 rather marginal practitioners of astronomy who gained authority and legitimacy notby their elite (Latin) learning, place at courts or noble birth but rather by theircomputational skills and the perceived reliability of their annual prognostications. Thisproject will thus expand our view of the origins of modern science by considering usersas well as makers of astronomical knowledge, and by viewing the content of astronomicalknowledge as comprised by computational practice as well as theory.Broader ImpactsBy writing a monograph of modest length, in non-technical language, the PIhopes to produce a book that will appeal not only to historians of science but also to thegeneral public and (as a textbook) to graduate and undergraduate students. And by takinga perspective from below, the PI hopes to foster an awareness of science as an activity inwhich both lay and learned people have shaped the content, values and social legitimacyof the enterprise.

哥白尼从下面的项目开始，试图通过研究欧洲欧洲各种各样的数学从业人员的工作来颠覆“哥白尼革命”的传统叙述，这些革命基本上仍然没有以前的历史学家研究。副本，医师，外科医生，占星家，仪器制造商，城市官员和“天文学的恋人”（他们自称为自己）在哥白尼之后，本世纪制作了数百个年度计算机，预后和实践。为了准备时期，作者必须决定是从中世纪的Alfonsine表中计算行星位置还是来自哥白尼，Tycho Brahe或Kepler的最新表格。他们中的许多人都明确地讨论了他们所面临的选择。从这个有利的角度来看，哥白尼革命不再成为大学辩论的天然哲学，宗教或现实主义的问题，而更多的是算法的问题，经验评估天文学预测，天文学预测，医疗实践，练习，钟表和纪念性均在伦敦的繁华范围中，是在伦敦的日常生活中，而不是伦敦的福特。从下面的天文学，该项目的专着将提供另一个故事，说明普通人如何帮助16世纪和十七世纪的科学革命。我的书扩大了威廉·埃蒙（William Eamon），哈罗德·库克（Harold Cook），保拉·弗伦（Paula Findlen），帕梅拉·史密斯（Paula Findlen），帕梅拉·史密斯（Paula Findlen），威廉·纽曼（William Newman）和马里奥·比亚吉奥利（Mario Biagioli）的工作，我的书将调查超过400多名天文学的超边界从业者的生活，他们获得了权威和合法性，他们的精英（拉丁语）学习，在法庭上的出生能力，而不是一年一度的表现能力，而不是他们的表现能力，并在其表现方面的能力和依据。因此，本项目将通过考虑用户作为天文学知识的创造者，并通过计算实践以及理论所构成的天文知识的内容来扩展我们对现代科学的起源的看法。BROADER影响着临时长度的专着，在非技术语言中写下一本书，不仅会为了制作历史学家，还可以使公众和一本读者启动一本书，以使一本书的培训能够吸引一本书。本科生。通过从下面看的角度来看，PI希望促进对科学的认识，因为这项活动既塑造了企业的内容，价值观和社会合法性。