Geographies of Insects and Institutions: Mosquito Governance in the U.S. Southwest

昆虫地理和机构：美国西南部的蚊子治理

• 批准号: 0617953
• 负责人: Paul Robbins
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617953&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Geographies; Insects; Institutions; Mosquito; Governance

A range of institutional systems exist to manage and mitigate environmental problems, yet the quickly changing, ecologically surprising, and spatially complex qualities of new problems create a serious mismatch for institutions formed in earlier times. What remains unclear, therefore, is the degree to which and the way in which already existing bureaucracies and structures of governance are organized to address emergent problems. The recent outbreak of West Nile Virus in the United States and the associated risk of other diseases, including dengue fever and a range of related encephalitis diseases, is an acute example of just such a problem. This project seeks to explore the specific geographies of governance available to differing government agencies relative to the biological and climatological geography of mosquitoes in southern Arizona. Specifically the research postulates that multiple non-overlapping geographies are in play. The first, belonging to state and non-governmental organizations is hierarchically organized and follows geopolitical and juridical boundaries, informed by diverse scientific conceptions of the problem, each organization with its own geography of causation, surveillance, and mitigation. The second, that of the mosquitoes themselves, is patched and flowlike, following the contours of biophysical conditions and human disturbances. It is further postulated that there is a spatial and scalar mismatch between the geographies of the insect and that of institutions set up to deal with disease risks. Using institutional ethnography, insect habitat modeling, and direct surveillance of mosquito distribution, the research will test the match and mismatch of organizations and the hazards they are organized to govern.The research will result in findings that address the specific capacities and tendencies of agencies relative to mosquito-borne disease hazards. It will further produce education al information and workshops convened with members of both state and local agencies, to facilitate inter-agency discussion of results, especially to the degree that the work identifies gaps and overlaps in current information, practice, and policy. The results of these workshops should make a step towards coordinating, translating, and interpreting experiences across agency and disciplinary boundaries, presenting not only "hard" data concerning the geography of insects of concern, but further allowing meaningful discussion of differential training, experience, and institutional habits. While it cannot be expected to make institutions conform unproblematically to the geographies of the insect, the research can identify problem areas and explore specific ways to make institutions more robust, adaptive, and flexible in response to the mosquito. By coordinating with agency members in the final phase of the project, it is intended, therefore, to identify 'best institutional practices' associated with mapping, analysis, knowledge dissemination, institutional learning and adoption, intra- and inter-jurisdictional connectivity, etc., that might be fostered to improve insect management and public responses to serious and ongoing health hazards.

存在一系列的机构系统来管理和减轻环境问题，但是新问题的快速变化，生态令人惊讶和空间上复杂的质量给早期形成的机构带来了严重的不匹配。因此，尚不清楚的是组织现有的官僚机构和治理结构的程度和方式，以解决新兴的问题。美国最近在美国爆发了西尼罗河病毒，以及包括登革热和一系列相关脑炎疾病在内的其他疾病的相关风险是这样一个问题的一个敏锐例子。该项目旨在探索相对于亚利桑那州南部蚊子的生物学和气候地理，可用于不同政府机构可用的特定治理地理。具体的研究假设了多个非重叠的地理位置正在发挥作用。第一个属于州和非政府组织的人是层次组织的，并遵循地缘政治和法律界限，这是由对问题的各种科学概念所告知的，每个组织都有自己的因果关系，监视和缓解的地理位置。 第二个，蚊子本身的，遵循生物物理条件和人类干扰的轮廓，被修补和流动。 进一步推测，昆虫的地理位置与建立疾病风险的机构之间存在空间和标量不匹配。该研究将使用机构人种志，昆虫栖息地建模和直接监视蚊子分布的直接监视，将测试组织的匹配和不匹配及其组织的危害。该研究将导致有关相对于蚊子 - 繁殖疾病危害的特定能力和趋势的发现。它将进一步与州和地方机构的成员召集的教育信息和研讨会，以促进对结果的机构间讨论，尤其是在工作中确定了当前信息，实践和政策的差距和重叠的程度。这些研讨会的结果应迈出一步，朝着协调，翻译和解释跨代理和纪律界限的经验，不仅显示“硬”数据，这是关注关注的昆虫的地理，而且还可以进一步讨论差异培训，经验和制度习惯。虽然不能期望使机构符合昆虫的地理位置，但研究可以确定问题领域并探索特定的方法，使机构对蚊子的响应更加强大，适应性和灵活。因此，通过与代理商在项目的最后阶段进行协调，旨在确定与映射，分析，知识传播，机构学习和采用，内部和界限间的连接性等相关的“最佳机构实践”，以促进昆虫管理和公众对严重和正在进行的健康危险的响应。