Doctoral Dissertation Research: Contesting Jurisdictions: A Comparative Study of State Responses to Honor Killings in Turkey and Israel

博士论文研究：管辖权争夺：土耳其和以色列国家对名誉杀人行为反应的比较研究

• 批准号: 0617531
• 负责人: Michael McCann
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-15 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Contesting; Jurisdictions

Michael W. McCann and Ceren Belge. 0617531. Title: "Contesting Jurisdictions A Comparative Study of State Responses to Honor Killings in Turkey and Isarel. ABSTRACTHonor killings are premeditated murders of women who are believed to have committed a sexual indiscretion. Until recently, Turkish courts routinely reduced sentences for those who killed female family members to "protect" their family honor. In Israel, by contrast, courts rejected honor-related defenses, but perpetrators often received a Presidential pardon and police officers rarely protected women from their families. Although honor killings are by no means specific to minority groups, in Israel and Turkey, they appear to occur disproportionately among the Kurdish and Arab minorities. This project explores why Turkey and Israel have reached such puzzling accommodations with male-dominated social organizations in their minority populations while simultaneously rejecting their demands for "political" autonomy. It asks, too, why this response has begun to change recently. Research for this project will be conducted in two cities with a large minority population in Turkey (Diyarbakir and Sanliurfa) and Israel (Nazareth and Haifa), as well as in the cities of Ankara, Istanbul, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv. The main sources of data are court decisions and in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, members of minority women's organizations, activist lawyers, and high court judges. In order to identify the extent and nature of accommodation of male-dominated social organizations, court decisions on honor killings will be analyzed comparatively and across time. Interviews with law enforcement officials will reveal the concerns that led them to either accommodate local autonomy or take steps to transform local practices. Interviews with activist lawyers and members of women's groups will reveal whether their position vis-a-vis minority elites, on the one hand, and public officials, on the other, affected the success with which they were able to transform the implicit consensus between law-enforcement officials and minority groups on gender questions. The project promises to improve our understanding of why states in ethnically divided societies sometimes accommodate discriminatory practices within minority groups and why, at other times, they actively intervene to transform such practices. Although scholars have debated the implications of multiculturalism for women's rights extensively from a normative standpoint, few have studied empirically the conditions under which states are likely to intervene in local spheres of authority on minority women's behalf. This project will explore how law is shaped simultaneously by the cultural values of the dominant society and resistance by minority communities. It will contribute to socio-legal thought by identifying whether different patterns of state-minority relations and legal mobilization strategies by minority women result in different levels of accommodation. The project's comparative focus on ethnically divided societies promises to enrich understanding of how legal institutions function in different socio-political contexts.The project's findings will have relevance beyond the academic community by providing sound foundations for policy makers and the human rights community on strategies to address women's rights in ethnically divided societies. It will propose creative legal solutions to resolve the tension between communal autonomy and women's human rights.

迈克尔·W·麦肯 (Michael W. McCann) 和塞伦·贝尔格 (Ceren Belge)。 0617531. 标题：“司法管辖权争议——土耳其和以色列国家对名誉杀人行为反应的比较研究。摘要名誉杀人是对据信犯有性行为不端行为的妇女的有预谋的谋杀。直到最近，土耳其法院还例行减少对杀人者的刑罚相比之下，在以色列，法院驳回了与荣誉相关的辩护，但肇事者往往获得总统奖。赦免和警察很少保护妇女免受家人伤害，尽管在以色列和土耳其，名誉杀人绝不是少数群体所特有的，但这种情况在库尔德和阿拉伯少数群体中似乎不成比例地发生。令人费解的是，他们与少数族裔中男性主导的社会组织达成了妥协，同时拒绝了他们的“政治”自治要求。这也询问了为什么这种反应最近开始发生变化。该项目的研究将在土耳其（迪亚巴克尔和桑尼乌法）和以色列（拿撒勒和海法）两个少数民族人口较多的城市以及安卡拉、伊斯坦布尔、耶路撒冷和特拉维夫等城市进行。数据的主要来源是法院判决以及对执法官员、少数民族妇女组织成员、维权律师和高等法院法官的深入访谈。为了确定男性主导的社会组织的包容程度和性质，将对法庭关于名誉杀人的判决进行比较和跨时间分析。对执法官员的采访将揭示导致他们要么适应地方自治，要么采取措施改变当地做法的担忧。对维权律师和妇女团体成员的采访将揭示，她们相对于少数精英和公职人员的立场是否影响了她们能否成功地改变法律之间隐含的共识。 - 执法官员和少数群体讨论性别问题。该项目有望提高我们对为什么种族分裂社会中的国家有时会包容少数群体内部的歧视性做法以及为什么在其他时候积极干预以改变这些做法的理解。尽管学者们从规范的角度广泛讨论了多元文化主义对妇女权利的影响，但很少有人对国家可能代表少数群体妇女干预地方权力领域的条件进行实证研究。该项目将探讨主流社会的文化价值观和少数群体的抵抗如何同时塑造法律。它将通过确定国家与少数群体关系的不同模式和少数群体妇女的法律动员策略是否会导致不同程度的适应而对社会法律思想做出贡献。该项目比较关注种族分裂的社会，有望加深对法律机构如何在不同社会政治背景下运作的理解。该项目的研究结果将在学术界之外具有相关性，为政策制定者和人权界提供解决问题的战略的坚实基础。种族分裂社会中的妇女权利。它将提出创造性的法律解决方案，以解决社区自治与妇女人权之间的紧张关系。