US GLOBEC NWA/Georges Bank: Processes Controlling Abundance of Dominant Copepods on Georges Bank: Local Dynamics and Large-scale Forcing

美国 GLOBEC NWA/乔治浅滩：控制乔治浅滩上优势桡足类丰度的过程：局部动态和大规模强迫

• 批准号: 0606612
• 负责人: David Townsend
• 金额: $ 6.02万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0606612&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; GLOBEC; NWA; Georges; Bank

A fundamental goal of Biological Oceanography is to understand how underlying biological-physical interactions determine abundance of marine organisms. For animal populations, it is well known that factors controlling survival during early life stages (i.e., recruitment) are strong determinants of adult population size, but understanding these processes has been difficult due to model and data limitations. Recent advances in numerical modeling, together with new 3D data sets, provide a unique opportunity to study the biological-physical processes controlling zooplankton population size. This project uses an existing state-of-the-art biological/physical numerical model (FVCOM) together with the recently processed large 3D data set from the Georges Bank GLOBEC program to conduct idealized and realistic numerical experiments that explore the detailed mechanisms controlling seasonal evolution of spatial patterns in dominant zooplankton species on Georges Bank. Hypotheses that address how dominant copepod species populations are maintained on the bank, including local dynamics and large-scale forcing will be examined. A specific goal is to determine whether the observed characteristic seasonal and spatial pattern of each species (long-term and inter-annual) is predictable from the interaction between its characteristic life-history traits and physical transport. The extent to which the copepod populations are controled by food-availability (bottom-up) or predation (top-down) processes will be examined, including the influence of Warm Slope Water versus Labrador Slope Water (NAO-dependent) on nutrient influx through the Northeast Channel and subsequent upwelling and biological enhancement on the bank. Self-sustainability of each species population on the bank itself and in the Gulf of Maine will be studied by controlling immigration from specific source regions. Large-scale forcing including NAO and catastrophic global warming (e.g. complete polar ice melt) will be examined explicitly by forcing the model at the boundaries, using scenarios based on basin-scale data and from concurrent basin-scale modeling efforts. This modeling study will provide new insights into the role of local and large-scale processes controlling zooplankton abundance in the ocean. The dominant copepod species to be studied include small species that are the dominant prey for larval cod and haddock in this region, thus providing critical information for concurrent larval fish modeling studies. This detailed, process-oriented, regional-scale modeling with boundary forcing will lay the groundwork for integration with models of the entire ocean basin. The resulting model will be a legacy of the GLOBEC Georges Bank program by providing a powerful new tool for understanding how local and large-scale forcing interact to control plankton production in the sea. Results of the proposed work will be broadly disseminated to the general oceanographic community, the fishing industry, K-12 institutions, and to the population at large, through web-based servers using existing infrastructure. Web-based users will be able to access model results and run the model using chosen parameter settings to obtain predictions of currents, hydrography, and plankton abundance patterns given selected climate forcing scenarios. Collaboration with the WHOI/UMASS COSEE program will foster communication with K12 students and the public both nationally and internationally.

生物海洋学的基本目标是了解潜在的生物物理相互作用如何决定海洋生物的丰度。对于动物种群来说，众所周知，控制生命早期阶段生存的因素（即补充）是成年种群规模的重要决定因素，但由于模型和数据的限制，理解这些过程一直很困难。 数值模型的最新进展以及新的 3D 数据集为研究控制浮游动物种群规模的生物物理过程提供了独特的机会。该项目使用现有的最先进的生物/物理数值模型（FVCOM）以及最近处理的乔治银行GLOBEC计划的大型3D数据集来进行理想化和现实的数值实验，探索控制季节演变的详细机制乔治浅滩优势浮游动物物种的空间格局。将研究解决河岸上主要桡足类物种种群如何维持的假设，包括局部动态和大规模强迫。一个具体目标是确定每个物种观察到的特征季节和空间模式（长期和年际）是否可以根据其特征生活史特征和物理运输之间的相互作用进行预测。将检查桡足类种群受食物供应（自下而上）或捕食（自上而下）过程控制的程度，包括暖坡水与拉布拉多坡水（依赖于NAO）对营养物流入的影响东北航道以及随后的上升流和岸边的生物增强。将通过控制来自特定来源地区的移民来研究沿岸和缅因湾每个物种种群的自我维持。包括 NAO 和灾难性全球变暖（例如，极地冰完全融化）在内的大规模强迫将通过使用基于盆地规模数据和并发盆地规模建模工作的情景，通过在边界处强迫模型来明确检查。这项建模研究将为控制海洋中浮游动物丰度的局部和大规模过程的作用提供新的见解。要研究的优势桡足类物种包括小型物种，它们是该地区幼鱼鳕鱼和黑线鳕的主要猎物，从而为同时进行的幼鱼建模研究提供了关键信息。这种详细的、面向过程的、具有边界强迫的区域尺度建模将为与整个洋盆模型的整合奠定基础。由此产生的模型将成为 GLOBEC 乔治银行计划的遗产，为了解局部和大规模强迫如何相互作用以控制海洋中的浮游生物生产提供强大的新工具。拟议工作的结果将通过使用现有基础设施的网络服务器广泛传播给整个海洋学界、渔业、K-12 机构和广大民众。基于网络的用户将能够访问模型结果并使用选定的参数设置运行模型，以获得给定选定气候强迫情景的海流、水文学和浮游生物丰度模式的预测。与 WHOI/UMASS COSEE 项目的合作将促进与国内和国际 K12 学生和公众的沟通。