International Research Fellowship Program: Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conduction Polymers for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

国际研究奖学金计划：染料敏化太阳能电池新型导电聚合物的设计、合成和表征

• 批准号: 0601913
• 负责人: Ryan White
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: White Ryan
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0601913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Design

0601913WhiteThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-two-month research fellowship by Dr. Ryan C. White to work with Dr. Marco-Aurelio De Paoli at the University of Campinas in Brazil. Support for this project comes from the Office of International Science and Engineering's (OISE) Americas Program.As the need for renewable energy resources grows, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are emerging as a viable alternative to the traditional silicon cells developed and commercialized over 60 years ago. The most well known DSSC is the Gratzel cell which can reach an overall efficiency of ~10%. One major advance made in the production of this cell is the incorporation of high surface area mesoporous metal oxide materials. This increases the amount of dye molecules in contact the surface in for a given area. While these types of cells have proved the potential viability of these types of cells commercially, their fabrication proves difficult and expensive due to the reactive electrolyte needed, as well as expensive dye molecule precursors. In the Dr. De Paoli's laboratory, and others, conjugated polymeric materials have been used as the both photoactive dyes and electrolytes. These polymers have definite advantages over small molecules in cost and durability, while showing similar absorption characteristics of Gratzel cell dye molecules. To date the DSSC's containing polymeric dyes have had relatively low conversion efficiencies. The goal of this project is to develop polymeric dye materials with more efficient charge transport properties and to fabricate more efficient DSSCs. By covalently attaching the conjugated polymer film to the inorganic substrate, better orbital overlap is achieved and the rate of electron injection into the electrical circuit is increased. The identity of both the dye monomer and linker can be changed to optimize the injection process. To quantitatively study the electron injection properties, model compounds are synthesized of different inorganic nanoparticle-linker-dye combinations. This is accomplished by modifying conjugated monomers molecules such as thiophene with carboxylic or phosphonic acid groups which can anchor onto the metal oxide nanoparticle surface. Electron transfer rates of these compounds can be studied directly by time resolved laser flash photolysis absorbance and fluorescence techniques. To attach the polymeric dye to the inorganic layer, the conjugated dye monomers are attached to inorganic surfaces via anchoring groups and polymerized by chemical and electrochemical means. The photovoltaic responses and efficiencies of these novel types of DSSC's are analyzed by electrochemical instrumentation in Dr. De Paoli's laboratory.

0601913国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行九至二十四个月的研究。该计划的奖项为联合研究提供了机会，并且在国外使用独特或补充设施，专业知识和实验条件。该奖项将支持Ryan C. White博士与Marco-博士合作的22个月研究奖学金。巴西坎皮纳斯大学的Aurelio de Paoli。对该项目的支持来自国际科学与工程（OISE）美洲计划。由于需要可再生能源资源的增长，染料敏感的太阳能电池（DSSC）正在成为开发和商业化传统硅电池的可行替代品。 60多年前。最著名的DSSC是Gratzel Cell，其总体效率约为10％。该细胞生产中产生的一个重大进展是掺入高表面积介孔金属氧化物材料。这增加了给定区域中接触表面的染料分子的量。尽管这些类型的细胞在商业上证明了这些类型的细胞的潜在生存能力，但由于所需的反应性电解质以及昂贵的染料分子前体，它们的制造被证明是困难而昂贵的。在De Paoli博士的实验室和其他实验室中，共轭聚合物材料已被用作光活性染料和电解质。这些聚合物在成本和耐用性方面具有明确的优势，同时显示出Gratzel细胞染料分子的相似吸收特征。迄今为止，DSSC含有聚合物染料的转化效率相对较低。该项目的目的是开发具有更有效的电荷传输特性并制造更有效的DSSC的聚合物染料材料。通过将共轭聚合物膜连接到无机底物上，可以实现更好的轨道重叠，并增加了电子注入电路的速率。可以更改染料单体和接头的身份以优化注射过程。为了定量研究电子注射特性，模型化合物由不同的无机纳米粒子 - 链链-DYE组合合成。这是通过修饰共轭单体分子（例如噻吩或羧酸基团）可以锚定在金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面上的。这些化合物的电子传递速率可以通过时间分辨激光闪光光解的吸光度和荧光技术直接研究。为了将聚合物染料连接到无机层，共轭染料单体通过锚固组连接到无机表面，并通过化学和电化学方法聚合。这些新型DSSC的光伏反应和效率通过De Paoli博士实验室中的电化学仪器分析。