Collaborative research: Geophysical evaluation of biogenic gasses in peatlands

合作研究：泥炭地生物气的地球物理评价

• 批准号: 0510370
• 负责人: Lee Slater
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0510370&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Geophysical; evaluation; biogenic

0510370 0510545 0510004Slater Glaser ReeveBiogenic gas emission from northern peatlands, by wicking from vascular plants and byepisodic ebullition events, accounts for approximately 7% of the global annual emissionof methane to the atmosphere. This proposal involves experiments to apply groundpenetrating radar (GPR) for (1) estimating the amount of biogenic gas stored in peatlands,(2) determining the spatial distribution of biogenic gas within the peat, and (3)monitoring biogenic gas release to the atmosphere. Data from a large northern peatland inMaine (EAR-0242353) show that (1) higher CH4 and CO2 concentrations correlate withhigh velocity/high attenuation zones in cross-borehole GPR data as well as shadow zones(loss of reflections) in surface GPR data, (2) shadow zones (indicative of high gascontent) are frequently observed in the +11 km of surface GPR data collected in thispeatland. The experimental objectives are: (1) a laboratory evaluation of the relationshipbetween dielectric permittivity and gas content for a profile of peat cores from the surfaceto the mineral soil; (2) a cross-hole GPR and surface GPR monitoring experiment,supported by measurements of water levels, hydraulic conductivity and time domainreflectometry, to observe rates of biogenic gas release to the atmosphere; (3) a surfaceGPR study, supported by in situ measurements of biogenic gas concentration, to estimatethe volume of biogenic gas stored in two well studied northern peatlands (Caribou Bog,ME and Glacial Lake Agassiz, MN). Important milestones include (a) a predictiveequation for gas content estimation in peat as a function of depth from dielectricpermittivity measurements, (b) new insight into the temporal pattern of gas release andebullition flux from peatlands, and (c) new estimates of the free gas content of peatlandcarbon reservoirs accounting for the spatial/depth distribution of the gas.Broader ImpactsThis proposal incorporates educational activities, curriculum development, communityoutreach and international collaboration within an applied research framework. HonorsUnderGraduate (HUG) researchers from the Rutgers-Newark Honors College (HC) willpartner with a postdoctoral scientist to obtain the research training required to completefour of the primary research tasks. Each HUG will complete a yearlong senior project ontheir research and contribute to a publication. The status of Rutgers-Newark as the toprankedNational US University with respect to campus UG diversity facilitates HUGopportunities to minority students. Students in Earth/Environmental Sciences at Rutgers-Newark frequently express interest in fieldwork experiences. Part of the fieldwork will beconducted by students participating in a new class, Summer Field Camp in AppliedGeophysics, developed as part of this project. Community outreach will occur via guidedtours, poster boards and presentations on the hydrology, ecology and carbon cycle inCaribou Bog, facilitated by the recently opened 2 km long Orono boardwalk that nowprovides public access to this bog. Finally, collaboration with a prominent peatlandscientist in Europe will draw international attention to our work and provide anopportunity to conduct comparative work on a unique European peat bog.

0510370 0510545 0510004斯莱特·格拉瑟·里夫 (Slater Glaser Reeve) 北部泥炭地通过维管植物芯吸作用和偶发性沸腾事件排放的生物气体，约占全球每年向大气排放的甲烷的 7%。该提案涉及应用探地雷达（GPR）进行以下实验：（1）估计泥炭地中储存的生物气量，（2）确定泥炭内生物气的空间分布，以及（3）监测生物气向大气的释放。来自缅因州北部大型泥炭地的数据 (EAR-0242353) 显示 (1) 较高的 CH4 和 CO2 浓度与跨钻孔 GPR 数据中的高速/高衰减区域以及表面 GPR 数据中的阴影区域（反射损失）相关， (2) 在该泥炭地采集的+11公里地面探地雷达数据中经常观察到阴影区（表明气体含量高）。实验目标是：（1）实验室评估介电常数与泥炭岩心从表面到矿质土壤剖面的气体含量之间的关系； (2) 跨孔探地雷达和地面探地雷达监测实验，以水位、导水率和时域反射测量为支持，观察生物气体向大气的释放速率； (3) 地面探地雷达研究，在生物气浓度原位测量的支持下，估算了两个经过深入研究的北部泥炭地（缅因州驯鹿沼泽和明尼苏达州阿加西冰川湖）中储存的生物气体积。重要的里程碑包括（a）泥炭中气体含量估计的预测方程，作为介电常数测量深度的函数，（b）对泥炭地气体释放和沸腾通量的时间模式的新见解，以及（c）游离气体的新估计泥炭地碳储层的内容说明了气体的空间/深度分布。更广泛的影响该提案将教育活动、课程开发、社区外展和国际合作纳入应用研究框架内。罗格斯-纽瓦克荣誉学院 (HC) 的荣誉本科生 (HUG) 研究人员将与博士后科学家合作，获得完成四项主要研究任务所需的研究培训。每个 HUG 将完成为期一年的高级研究项目，并为出版物做出贡献。罗格斯-纽瓦克大学作为校园 UG 多样性排名第一的美国国立大学，为少数族裔学生提供了 HUG 机会。罗格斯-纽瓦克大学地球/环境科学专业的学生经常表达对实地考察经历的兴趣。部分实地考察将由参加新课程“应用地球物理学夏令营”的学生进行，该课程是该项目的一部分。社区外展活动将通过导游、海报板和关于驯鹿沼泽水文、生态和碳循环的演示进行，最近开放的 2 公里长的奥罗诺木板路现在为公众提供了进入该沼泽的通道，从而促进了社区外展活动。最后，与欧洲著名泥炭地科学家的合作将引起国际社会对我们工作的关注，并提供一个对独特的欧洲泥炭沼泽进行比较工作的机会。