Molecular Systematics, Biogeography, and Invasion Identity of Neogobiin Fishes

新戈壁鱼的分子系统学、生物地理学和入侵特征

• 批准号: 0456972
• 负责人: Carol Stepien
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Toledo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0456972&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Systematics; Biogeography; Invasion; Identity

The objectives of the investigation are to elucidate the evolutionary history, species identifications, and biogeographic diversification patterns of a remarkable endemic "species flock" of fishes native to the Black and Caspian Seas that has become a growing problem in its invasions of North American and Eurasian ecosystems. Many ecologists believe that such introductions of exotic species pose one of the most serious threats to native ecosystems worldwide. For example, the ecology of the North American Great Lakes has been restructured by waves of invaders that were accidentally introduced from ships' ballast water, including the Ponto-Caspian round goby and its zebra mussel prey. Two goby species - the round goby and the tubenose goby - invaded in the early 1990's, and the former spread rapidly to all five Great Lakes. Invasions by suites of related taxa increasingly appear to characterize exotic communities, which may facilitate one another. Several other neogobiin species also have been "on the move" in Eurasian waterways due to construction of canals, shipping, and habitat disturbances. Some of these - including the monkey, bighead, and racer gobies - are predicted to invade North America and may already be here, but are not yet identified. This study will develop diagnostic DNA sequence characters and construct taxonomic keys to permit correct identification of the neogobiins at all life history stages. In addition, the sequence data will provide the means to elucidate the sources of exotic invasions, identify cryptic species, analyze whether relatived species also invade or are likely to, and determine whether new colonizations arise from spread or from independent introductions. Results will be of fundamental use to ecologists, environmental managers, and international agencies such as the Aquatic Nuisance Task Force in allowing rapid and cost-effective identification of taxa, and delineating their population area of origin.

调查的目的是阐明一种非凡的流行性“物种羊群”的进化史，物种鉴定和生物地理多样化模式，这些鱼类本来是黑人和里海海洋，这在其北美和欧亚大陆生态系统的入侵中已成为日益严重的问题。许多生态学家认为，这种外来物种的介绍对全球本地生态系统构成了最严重的威胁之一。例如，北美大湖区的生态是由侵略者的波浪重组的，这些侵略者意外地从船只的压载水中引入了，包括Ponto-Caspian Round Goby及其斑马贻贝猎物。两种哥比物种 - 圆形的戈比和小型哥比 - 在1990年代初入侵，前者迅速传播到所有五个大湖区。相关类群的套房的入侵似乎越来越多地表征了异国情调的社区，这可能有助于彼此。由于运河，运输和栖息地干扰的建造，其他几种Neogobiin物种也在欧亚水道上“正在移动”。其中一些 - 包括猴子，比格德和赛车手 - 预计将入侵北美，可能已经在这里，但尚未确定。这项研究将开发诊断性的DNA序列特征并构建分类键，以允许在所有生活史阶段正确识别新摩菌素。此外，序列数据将提供阐明外来入侵来源，识别隐性物种，分析相对物种是否也侵入或可能会侵入的手段，并确定是由传播或独立引入而产生的。结果将对生态学家，环境经理和国际机构（例如水上滋扰工作组）进行基本用途，以允许快速且具有成本效益的分类单元，并描述其原籍人口领域。