Quantum Phase Transitions in Condensed Matter and Atomic Physics

凝聚态物质和原子物理中的量子相变

• 批准号: 0455678
• 负责人: Subir Sachdev
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0455678&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantum; Phase; Transitions; Condensed; Matter

This grant supports theoretical research on fundamental condensed matter physics based on the study of quantum phase transitions. Also included are studies of the connections between atomic physics and condensed matter physics; in particular studies of systems of trapped ultracold atoms.Quantum phase transitions are changes in state of matter at the absolute zero of temperature, driven by changes in a tuning parameter such as carrier concentration, magnetic field strength, or pressure. Studies of materials at low temperatures in the vicinity of quantum critical points between conventional phases have proven to be fertile ground for finding new quantum phases with novel physical properties. A number of studies will be undertaken of intermetallic compounds and trapped atomic gases analyzing some of the many quantum phases and transitions that have become accessible by recent advances in experimental technologies. For the cuprate superconductors, extensions of the PI's recent theory for the superfluid-insulator transition in the vicinity of 1/8 carrier doping will be made, to allow specific predictions for high precision scanning tunneling microscopy and neutron scattering experiments. A central ingredient of the theory is the novel role played by the vortices of the superconductor, which behave like quantum particles moving in a magnetic field. Also to be studied is the interplay between the density wave order of the proximate Mott insulator and the nodal quasiparticles with the aim of obtaining predictions for thermal transport experiments. Also to be studied are magnetic phase transitions in the intermetallic heavy fermion compounds, exploring the emergence of deconfined fractionalized excitations at the quantum critical point. For the trapped ultracold atomic systems, new quantum critical points have been described that can be explored experimentally on optical lattices and near a Feshbach resonance. Detailed theories of these experiments will be developed.The PI has written a seminal and widely used textbook, Quantum Phase Transitions, that is in its second printing as a paperback. The PI is working on a second edition that will incorporate ideas from this research, and adding sections to enable wider accessibility. The PI has also presented lectures and written articles on this research for a wide variety of audiences. This will continue. Students at all levels will be involved with this research.%%% This project involves theoretical studies of condensed matter physics and its connections to atomic physics. The project is based on quantum phase transitions. These are phase transitions (think of water turning to ice) that occur at absolute zero of temperature where quantum effects dominate. These phase transitions often lead to new and novel states of matter. These studies are part of the fundamental core area of modern condensed matter physics, and yet may someday find technological applications. The PI has written a seminal and widely used textbook, Quantum Phase Transitions, that is in its second printing as a paperback. The PI is working on a second edition that will incorporate ideas from this research, and adding sections to enable wider accessibility. The PI has also presented lectures and written articles on this research for a wide variety of audiences. This will continue. Students at all levels will be involved with this research.***

该赠款支持基于量子相变的研究对基本凝结物理物理学的理论研究。 还包括有关原子物理学与凝结物理学之间的联系的研究；特别是对陷阱超电原子系统系统的研究。Quantum相变是在温度的绝对零下物质状态的变化，这是由调谐参数（例如载体浓度，磁场强度或压力）的变化驱动的。 事实证明，在常规阶段之间量子临界点附近低温的材料研究是找到具有新颖物理特性的新量子阶段的肥沃基础。 将对金属间化合物进行大量研究，并将其捕获的原子气体分析，以分析通过实验技术的最新进展可访问的许多量子相和过渡中的一些。 对于库酸盐超导体，将对PI的最新理论扩展为1/8载体掺杂的超流体 - 绝缘体过渡，以允许对高精确扫描隧道显微镜和中子散射实验进行特定的预测。 该理论的核心成分是超导体涡旋的新作用，其行为就像在磁场中移动的量子颗粒。 还需要研究的是，近端Mott绝缘子的密度波顺序与淋巴结准粒子之间的相互作用，目的是获得热运输实验的预测。 还需要研究的是金属间重费用化合物中的磁相变，探索了量子临界点在量子临界点处的分离化激发的出现。 对于捕获的超电原子系统，已经描述了可以在光学晶格和Feshbach共振附近实验探索的新量子临界点。 将开发这些实验的详细理论。PI编写了开创性且广泛使用的教科书《量子相变》，这是其第二次打印作为平装本。 PI正在制作第二版，该版本将结合这项研究的想法，并添加部分以实现更广泛的可访问性。 PI还介绍了有关这项研究的讲座和书面文章。 这将继续。 各级学生都将参与这项研究。%%％该项目涉及凝聚态物理学及其与原子物理学的联系的理论研究。 该项目基于量子相变。 这些是在量子效应占主导地位的绝对零下发生的相变（想想水转向冰）。 这些相过渡通常会导致物质的新状态。 这些研究是现代冷凝物理物理学的基本核心领域的一部分，但有一天可能会找到技术应用。 PI编写了一本开创性且广泛使用的教科书《量子相变》，它是平装本的第二次打印。 PI正在制作第二版，该版本将结合这项研究的想法，并添加部分以实现更广泛的可访问性。 PI还介绍了有关这项研究的讲座和书面文章。 这将继续。 各级学生将参与这项研究。***