Testing the Utility of Mitochondrial Genome Rearrangements as Phylogenetic Markers in Ischnocera (Insecta:Phthiraptera)

测试线粒体基因组重排作为 Ischnocera（昆虫纲：Phthiraptera）系统发育标记的效用

• 批准号: 0444972
• 负责人: Stephen Cameron
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Brigham Young University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0444972&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Testing; Utility; Mitochondrial; Genome; Rearrangements

The methods by which genomic data are analyzed to construct phylogenetic trees are of vital significance in interpreting conclusions. Consequently, new methods of analysis need to be tested before they can be accepted. Dr. Cameron and his colleagues aim to test a range of proposed methods to infer evolutionary patterns from genomic data collected from numerous species of the largest suborder of lice, the Ischnocera, using variations (inversions, transpositions, losses or duplications) in the arrangement of genes. The test system is the mitochondrial genome of these lice. Mitochondria are the energy-producing portion of the cell, and their genomes are thousands of times smaller than the main nuclear genome, making it possible to sequence a large number of species and hence allowing comprehensive comparisons. Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are a model system for studying mitochondrial genome evolution because they havethe fastest documented rate of genomic evolution with the largest numbers of gene rearrangements. This evolutionary speed makes it possible to draw a large amount of information out of a small number of species and to compare this information with evolutionary patterns deduced by other means (louse anatomy and gene sequences). The dataset which Cameron and colleagues will collect on louse mitochondrial genomes will provide empirical data on which analytical methods can be compared. This study will support a young postdoctoral investigator working in the laboratory of Prof. Whiting at Brigham Young University, in the emerging field of comparative genomics. Topics under study relate to basic biological questions such as how species evolve, how they diverge from one another, and how they develop new genes. This in turn has applications in medical research towards understanding the genetic basis of disease, particularly those affected by mutations in the mitochondrial genome. By studying genomes smaller and simpler than the nuclear genome, Dr. Cameron and his colleagues seek to extend the analytical foundations from which comparative genomics can grow.

分析基因组数据以构建系统发育树的方法对于解释结论具有重要意义。因此，新的分析方法需要经过测试才能被接受。卡梅伦博士和他的同事们的目标是测试一系列提出的方法，利用从最大的虱子亚目 Ischnocera 的众多物种收集的基因组数据来推断进化模式，使用排列中的变异（倒位、转位、丢失或重复）。基因。 测试系统是这些虱子的线粒体基因组。线粒体是细胞中产生能量的部分，其基因组比主核基因组小数千倍，使得对大量物种进行测序并进行全面比较成为可能。 虱子（昆虫纲：Phthiraptera）是研究线粒体基因组进化的模型系统，因为它们具有最快的基因组进化速度和最多数量的基因重排。 这种进化速度使得从少数物种中提取大量信息成为可能，并将这些信息与其他手段（虱子解剖学和基因序列）推导出来的进化模式进行比较。 卡梅伦和同事将收集的虱子线粒体基因组数据集将提供可以比较分析方法的经验数据。这项研究将支持一位在杨百翰大学怀廷教授实验室工作的年轻博士后研究员，研究新兴的比较基因组学领域。研究主题涉及基本的生物学问题，例如物种如何进化、它们如何彼此分化以及它们如何发育新基因。 这反过来又可应用于医学研究，以了解疾病的遗传基础，特别是那些受线粒体基因组突变影响的疾病。通过研究比核基因组更小、更简单的基因组，卡梅伦博士和他的同事们寻求扩展比较基因组学发展的分析基础。