CAREER: Frontiers of Continuum and Fracture Mechanics in Geology and Geophysics

职业：地质学和地球物理学中的连续体和断裂力学前沿

• 批准号: 0450035
• 负责人: Yuri Fialko
• 金额: $ 50.8万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-15 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0450035&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Frontiers; Continuum; Fracture; Mechanics

Over the last decades, dramatic improvements in the quality andquantity of geophysical and geodetic observations revealed richrheologic and brittle behavior of the Earth materials under the widerange of stress and temperature conditions. These observations exposedthe applicability limits of the existing theories of deformation, andopened new exciting opportunities in the field of geologicalmechanics. The proposed research activities will focus oninterdisciplinary studies of the rheologic and fracture properties ofthe Earth's lithosphere using natural and man-made sources ofdeformation. The lithosphere is believed to respond to tectonic andvolcanic loads in a variety of ways, ranging from a predominantlyelastic deformation to brittle failure, viscous creep, and plasticyielding. However, the bulk mechanical properties of rocks that governthe large-scale deformation are still poorly known. Detailed knowledgeabout the mechanisms of rock deformation is essential forunderstanding a number of fundamental geological and geophysicalprocesses, such as the earthquake cycle, mountain building, rifting ofthe lithosphere, volcanic activity, etc. While significant insightsinto the constitutive properties of rocks have been obtained fromlaboratory experiments, extrapolations of the laboratory measurementsto the crustal-scale deformation have proven to be difficult. Theproposed research will take advantage of recent advances in (i)space-based geodetic observations of the Earth, (ii) availablecomputational power, and (iii) modeling capabilities to address theseproblems. Robust inferences about the mechanisms of rock deformationare important from a societal perspective, as they directly bear onthe issue of seismic and volcanic hazards in populated tectonicallyactive areas.

在过去的几十年中，地球物理和大地观察的质量和质量的显着改善表明，在压力和温度条件的范围内，地球材料的Richrheologolic和脆弱的行为。这些观察结果暴露了现有变形理论的适用性限制，并在地质机械领域揭示了新的激动人心的机会。拟议的研究活动将使用自然和人为的信息来源，将重点放在地球岩石圈的流变和骨折特性上。据信岩石圈以多种方式对构造和伏洛生物负荷作出反应，范围从主要弹性变形到脆性衰竭，粘性蠕变和质体凝固。然而，控制大规模变形的岩石的块状机械性能仍然鲜为人知。详细的知识，岩石变形的机制是必不可少的，可以理解许多基本的地质和地球物理过程，例如地震周期，山地建筑，岩石层的裂痕，火山圈，火山层活动等。虽然从岩石中获得了重要的洞察力，但已从岩石的原理中获得了衡量的量表。事实证明，变形很困难。该计划将利用（i）地球基于空间的测量观测的最新进展，（ii）可用的计算能力以及（iii）建模能力以解决这些问题。从社会的角度来看，对岩石变形机制的强大推论直接在人口稠密的构造性区域中直接存在地震和火山危害问题。