Collaborative Research: Carbon System and CFCs in the Southeast Pacific Subantarctic Mode Water/Antarctic Intermediate Water Formation Region

合作研究：东南太平洋亚南极模式水/南极中间水形成区的碳系统和CFC

• 批准号: 0424744
• 负责人: Rana Fine
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0424744&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Carbon; System; CFCs

ABSTRACTOCE-0424744 / OCE-0424921Deep mixed layers dominate the upper ocean where Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) are formed in the southeastern (SE) Pacific north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF). The cold thick layers have low salinity and high gas content that fills almost all of the southern hemisphere and tropical oceans at lower thermocline to intermediate depths. SAMW/AAIW formation has a major impact on the oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2, whose largest uncertainty is at intermediate depths. However, AAIW is probably the only intermediate-depth, large-scale water mass that has not been studied in winter at its major source. In this project, researchers from the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science and the University of California-San Diego Scripps Institute of Oceanography will study the processes responsible for the formation of SAMW/AAIW in the SE Pacific. Though the overall goal of the project is to characterize carbon and tracer properties in the thick SAMW/AAIW layers in the SE Pacific formation region, measurements of carbon system parameters and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) also be taken to: 1) map wintertime carbon system and CFC properties in the major SAMW/AAIW formation region; 2) compare the observed wintertime air-sea CO2 disequilibrium to the average disequilibrium terms estimated using the ?C* approach; 3) investigate the possible relationship of upper ocean features (e.g., convection, eddies, interleaving, currents) to the carbon and tracer characteristics of newly formed deep mixed layers of SAMW/AAIW; and 4) estimate CFC ages and a local AAIW formation rate to assess the relative effects of advection versus mixing of newly formed AAIW. The results yielded from this US and Chilean collaboration will fill an important and large gap in global ocean observations, both for physical processes that impact long-term climate change and for processes governing the carbon cycle. The results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding and will be available for use in models of processes that control the uptake and transport of anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean interior.

ABSTRACTOCE-0424744 / OCE-0424921深层混合层主导着上层海洋，其中亚南极锋面 (SAF) 北部的东南 (SE) 太平洋形成了亚南极模式水 (SAMW) 和南极中间水 (AAIW)。寒冷的厚层具有低盐度和高气体含量，几乎充满了整个南半球和热带海洋的低温跃层到中等深度。 SAMW/AAIW 的形成对人为二氧化碳的海洋汇具有重大影响，其最大的不确定性发生在中间深度。然而，AAIW 可能是唯一一个尚未对其主要来源进行冬季研究的中深度、大型水团。在该项目中，迈阿密大学罗森斯蒂尔海洋与大气科学学院和加州大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯海洋学研究所的研究人员将研究东南太平洋 SAMW/AAIW 的形成过程。 尽管该项目的总体目标是表征东南太平洋地层区域厚 SAMW/AAIW 层中的碳和示踪剂特性，但碳系统参数和氯氟烃 (CFC) 的测量也可用于：1) 绘制冬季碳系统和主要 SAMW/AAIW 形成区域的 CFC 特性； 2) 将观测到的冬季海气 CO2 不平衡与使用 ?C* 方法估计的平均不平衡项进行比较； 3）研究上层海洋特征（例如对流、涡流、交错、洋流）与新形成的 SAMW/AAIW 深层混合层的碳和示踪剂特征之间的可能关系； 4) 估计 CFC 年龄和当地 AAIW 形成率，以评估平流与新形成的 AAIW 混合的相对影响。 美国和智利的合作取得的成果将填补全球海洋观测中的一个重要而巨大的空白，无论是影响长期气候变化的物理过程还是控制碳循环的过程。研究结果将广泛传播，以增强科学和技术理解，并将可用于控制人为二氧化碳吸收和输送到海洋内部的过程模型。