Doctoral Dissertation Research: Interactive effects of Market Integration and Seasonality upon Energetics and Ovarian Function in a Lowland Bolivian Amerindian Population

博士论文研究：市场一体化和季节性对低地玻利维亚美洲印第安人能量和卵巢功能的交互影响

• 批准号: 0424396
• 负责人: William Leonard
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0424396&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Interactive; effects

In Latin America, changing socio-political systems, economic, and ecological circumstances are influencing the transition from more traditional subsistence-level lifestyles to more "modern" ones that are characterized by greater integration into the global market economy. This study will investigate how ecological factors and market integration influence energy balance and reproductive function in an indigenous lowland Bolivian population. This will allow a better understanding of the effects of culture change and the integration of traditional groups into the larger market economy. The specific objectives of this study are as follows: 1) explore the impact of market integration on seasonal changes in energetics through measures of nutritional status, dietary composition, physical activity levels, and leptin (an energetic hormone) levels among the Tsimane, 2) examine the changing rates of fertility and fecundity (reproductive capacity) in response to seasonally varying ecological conditions among Tsimane women and 3) evaluate the role of leptin as a mechanism linking reproductive function to various energetic conditions. To pursue these objectives, fieldwork will be conducted for one year, in order to capture seasonal variation, among the Tsimane, an indigenous lowland South American population currently undergoing varying levels of market integration. The following data will be collected to address the goals of the research project: demographic data, ethnographic data, socio-economic data, anthropometrics (height, weight, body composition), basal metabolic rate, total energy expenditure, dietary intake, leptin levels, and ovarian steroid levels (estrogen and progesterone). The scientific merit of this proposal is that it examines questions that cross multiple fields. This project will provide a clear picture of how culture change and market integration affect indigenous people. This research will also contribute to the fields of demography and reproductive science by helping us to better understand the influences of ecological and hormonal factors on measures of reproductive health and fertility in non-westernized populations. In particular, the examination of the hormone leptin adds to our limited understanding of the hormone across various physiological and ecological conditions. The broader impacts of this project have significance across many levels. A greater understanding of the effects of market integration could potentially lead to a decrease in the disruptive effect such integration may have upon indigenous groups worldwide. A greater understanding of energetics and changing adiposity levels could have wide-ranging effects, considering the ever increasing rate of obesity not only in developed countries, but developing areas as well.

在拉丁美洲，不断变化的社会政治系统，经济和生态环境正在影响从更传统的生存水平的生活方式到更“现代”的生活方式，这些生活方式以更大的融合到全球市场经济中。 这项研究将研究生态因素和市场融合如何影响玻利维亚人口的土著人口的能量平衡和生殖功能。这将使人们可以更好地了解文化变革的影响以及传统群体与更大的市场经济的一体化。 The specific objectives of this study are as follows: 1) explore the impact of market integration on seasonal changes in energetics through measures of nutritional status, dietary composition, physical activity levels, and leptin (an energetic hormone) levels among the Tsimane, 2) examine the changing rates of fertility and fecundity (reproductive capacity) in response to seasonally varying ecological conditions among Tsimane women and 3) evaluate the role of瘦素是将生殖功能与各种能量条件联系起来的机制。 为了实现这些目标，将进行一年的实地调查，以捕获季节性差异，在Tsimane中，这是目前正在经历不同市场一体化水平的南美土著南美人口。将收集以下数据以解决研究项目的目标：人口统计数据，人种学数据，社会经济数据，人体计量学（身高，体重，身体成分），基础代谢率，总能量消耗，饮食摄入量，瘦素水平和卵巢类固醇类固醇水平（雌激素和孕激素）。该提议的科学优点是它研究了跨越多个领域的问题。该项目将为文化变化和市场融合如何影响土著人民提供清晰的了解。这项研究还将通过帮助我们更好地了解生态和荷尔蒙因素对非西部人群生殖健康和生育能力的措施的影响，从而为人口统计学和生殖科学领域做出贡献。 特别是，对激素瘦素的检查增加了我们对各种生理和生态条件中激素的有限理解。该项目的更广泛影响在许多层面上具有重要意义。对市场一体化的影响有更多的了解可能会导致这种整合可能对全球土著群体产生的破坏性效果下降。 考虑到不仅在发达国家的肥胖速度，而且发展地区的肥胖率不断提高，对能量学和不断变化的肥胖水平的了解可能会产生广泛的影响。