Functional Genomics of Maize Centromeres

玉米着丝粒的功能基因组学

• 批准号: 0421671
• 负责人: R Kelly Dawe
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0421671&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Genomics; Maize; Centromeres; Functional; Genomics; Maize; Centromeres

Centromeres are large chromosome domains that organize and regulate chromosomemovement. They contain thousands of simple repeated sequences and hundreds ofRNA-based transposable elements, all of which are difficult to sequence and manipulate in thelaboratory. Despite these challenges, mammalian centromeric DNA has been exploited to create'artificial chromosomes' that can carry long segments of engineered DNA. Artificial chromosomescould also have widespread applications in agriculture. For instance, entire biochemicalpathways or multiple disease resistances could be introduced simultaneously. The experimentscarried out under this award will fill major gaps in our understanding of plant centromeres and buildthe foundation for creating artificial chromosomes in maize and rice. The resultinginformation will be distributed through online resources and published articles that are readily availablein the public domain.To expand training opportunities in plant genetics, two new programs will be initiated.One will combine existing on-campus minority involvement programs and establish aplant biology genomics focus at the University of Georgia. Hands-on training in plantcytogenetics will also be offered through an Annual Cytogenetics Training Workshop (ACTW) at theUniversity of Wisconsin. The ACTW will provide training in fluorescent in situhybridization,immunolocalization, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and other advanced techniquesnecessary for chromosome-based research.

中心粒是组织和调节染色体的大型染色体结构域。它们包含数千个简单的重复序列和数百个基于RNA的转座元素，所有这些元件都难以在thelaboration中进行顺序和操纵。尽管面临这些挑战，但哺乳动物的丝粒DNA已被利用来创建可以携带长段工程DNA的人工染色体。人工染色体也可以在农业中广泛应用。例如，可以同时引入整个生化心或多种疾病抗性。根据该奖项颁发的实验将填补我们对植物中心粒子的理解，并为在玉米和大米中创建人造染色体的基础奠定了基础。最终的信息将通过在线资源和公共领域中很容易获得的文章进行分发。为了扩大植物遗传学的培训机会，将启动两个新的计划。一个将结合现有的校园内少数群体参与计划，并在乔治大学建立辅助生物学基因组。还将通过威斯康星州大学的年度细胞遗传学培训研讨会（ACTW）提供植物学遗传学的动手培训。该ACTW将提供荧光原位杂交，免疫定位，染色质免疫沉淀以及其他用于基于染色体的研究的先进技术。