International Research Fellowship Program: Diversification of Amazonian Tree Lineages

国际研究奖学金计划：亚马逊树木谱系的多样化

• 批准号: 0402061
• 负责人: Paul V. Fine
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: Fine Paul V
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-10-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0402061&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Diversification

0402061FineThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct three to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-two-month research fellowship by Dr. Paul Fine to work with Dr. Asuncion Cano at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima, Peru. This project will receive support from a University of Michigan Society of Fellows fellowship in addition to this award.The project is entitled "The diversification of Amazonian tree lineages: the role of environmental variation versus geographic distance." The goal of the project is to examine evolutionary relationships between sister populations of habitat endemic trees to reveal the ultimate causes of speciation in the genus Protium (Burseraceae), a common group of Amazonian trees which includes numerous edaphic (soil) specialists. Most evolutionary biologists believe that allopatric speciation (species formation by means of spatial isolation) is the dominant mechanism of diversification. The alternative hypothesis, that species diverge by means of parapatric speciation (species formation due to local adaptation to environmental variation in the absence of spatial isolation) is theoretically sound, has been supported by recent empirical studies, but remains untested in Amazonian trees.This is the first direct evaluation of parapatric speciation in Amazonian forests. First, the relative importance of edaphic heterogeneity and geographic distance are being evaluated in the structuring of populations of four common Amazonian tree species that have subspecific or varietal specialists on both white sand and clay soils. Next, the traits required for edaphic specialization are being measured, and the presence of gene flow between neighboring populations of white sand and clay populations quantified to see whether these species exhibit morphological divergence in the two soil types, even in the face of gene flow between populations. Unraveling the genealogy of each of these closely related taxa offers the opportunity to study the integration of micro and macro-evolutionary processes - how populations within a species become subdivided due to environmental variation and geographic distance, and the ultimate causes of speciation in this group. Director Cano is providing valuable experience in the National Herbarium, which houses many important collections from the Neotropics. One of this project's broader impacts is to pilot an extension of new databasing technology at the National Herbarium in Peru. This project represents a unique opportunity to build the foundation for future specimen-based research integrating phylogeny, biogeography, and ecological studies of tropical plants in Peru for students and faculty all over the world. In sum, this project contributes to a greater understanding of the processes that lead to diversification in Amazonian trees and is stimulating collaborations between scientists and students in Peru, Brazil, and the United States.

0402061Fine国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行三到二十四个月的研究。 该项目的奖项为联合研究以及使用国外独特或互补的设施、专业知识和实验条件提供了机会。该奖项将支持 Paul Fine 博士与 Asuncion Cano 博士在秘鲁利马圣马科斯国立大学。 除了该奖项之外，该项目还将获得密歇根大学研究员协会奖学金的支持。该项目的标题是“亚马逊树木谱系的多样化：环境变化与地理距离的作用”。 该项目的目标是研究栖息地特有树木的姊妹种群之间的进化关系，以揭示 Protium 属（伞科）物种形成的最终原因，Protium 属是亚马逊地区常见的树木群，其中包括许多土壤（土壤）专家。 大多数进化生物学家认为异域物种形成（通过空间隔离形成物种）是多样化的主要机制。另一种假设，即物种通过近亲物种形成（物种形成是由于在没有空间隔离的情况下局部适应环境变化而形成）在理论上是合理的，已得到最近的实证研究的支持，但尚未在亚马逊树木中进行测试。对亚马逊森林中的共生物种形成的首次直接评估。首先，在四种常见亚马逊树种的种群结构中评估土壤异质性和地理距离的相对重要性，这些树种在白沙和粘土上都有亚种或品种专家。 接下来，正在测量土壤专业化所需的性状，并对邻近的白沙和粘土种群之间基因流的存在进行量化，以了解这些物种在两种土壤类型中是否表现出形态差异，即使面对之间的基因流人口。解开这些密切相关的类群的谱系，为研究微观和宏观进化过程的整合提供了机会——一个物种内的种群如何因环境变化和地理距离而细分，以及该群体中物种形成的最终原因。 卡诺主任在国家植物标本馆提供了宝贵的经验，该植物标本馆收藏了来自新热带地区的许多重要藏品。该项目更广泛的影响之一是在秘鲁国家植物标本馆试验新数据库技术的扩展。 该项目为世界各地的学生和教师提供了一个独特的机会，为未来基于标本的研究奠定基础，整合秘鲁热带植物的系统发育学、生物地理学和生态研究。 总之，该项目有助于更好地了解导致亚马逊树木多样化的过程，并促进秘鲁、巴西和美国科学家和学生之间的合作。