SLC Catalyst: Perceptual Learning and Brain Plasticity

SLC Catalyst：感知学习和大脑可塑性

• 批准号: 0350356
• 负责人: Daniel Kersten
• 金额: $ 20.08万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-10-01 至 2006-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0350356&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SLC; Catalyst; Perceptual; Learning; Brain

The aim of this SLC Catalyst activity is to develop plans for an interdisciplinary multi-institutional center devoted to translating contemporary research on perceptual learning and brain plasticity into educational and rehabilitation outcomes, with special emphasis on the needs of the 3+ million Americans with impaired vision. The Center will be composed of a partnership among teams of researchers at five leading sites for vision research: University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Boston (MIT, Harvard, and Shepens Eye Research Institute), UCLA, and the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics (Tubingen, Germany) . These teams combine interdisciplinary expertise in perceptual development, impaired vision and special education, computational vision, neuroscience, and behavior. The key idea behind the proposed center is that learning and adaptation take place within the visual and other perceptual pathways. Understanding the principles of learning at this early input stage of information processing is a critical prerequisite for understanding human capacities that rely on sensory input.The following planning activities will be completed: 1) Identify the most important educational and rehabilitation needs related to perceptual learning and brain plasticity in reading, recognition and spatial navigation. 2) Identify the existing research barriers to solving them, and potential research solutions. 3) Hold a workshop to arrive at a consensus for a center's educational and rehabilitation priorities. 4) Incorporate these plans into a full Center proposal.Because of its intrinsic importance to human nature, vision is a model system for researchers interested in development, neuroscience, cognition and behavior, and artificial intelligence. Vision is also a topic of primary concern to educators and rehabilitation specialists with visually impaired students or clients, and to engineers and computer scientists who design adaptive technology for visually impaired people. For the most part, these two communities -- vision researchers, and vision educators and engineers -- have had little interaction, leaving unfulfilled opportunities for translating the huge body of research findings into improved quality of life for visually impaired people. Three burgeoning areas of vision research provide the basis for bridging this gulf -- perceptual learning, brain plasticity, and machine learning. Recent advances in these three areas has overturned the prevailing view that human vision is frozen in structure following a brief early critical period. There is a sea change in thought in which the visual system (and presumably other neural systems) is beginning to be regarded as modifiable throughout the human lifespan. Just how modifiable, on what time scale, and at what level of specificity are key unresolved issues to be addressed.

这种SLC催化剂活动的目的是制定跨学科的多机构中心的计划。该中心将由五个领先的视觉研究站点的研究人员之间的合作伙伴关系组成：明尼苏达大学，范德比尔特大学，波士顿（麻省理工学院，哈佛大学和Shepens Eye Research Institute），UCLA和MAX PLANCK生物学网络学院（德国小管）。这些团队在感知发展，视觉和特殊教育，计算愿景，神经科学和行为方面结合了跨学科的专业知识。拟议中心背后的关键思想是学习和适应发生在视觉和其他感知途径中。了解信息处理的早期输入阶段的学习原理是理解依赖感官输入的人类能力的关键先决条件。以下规划活动将完成：1）确定与知觉学习和相关的最重要的教育和康复需求大脑可塑性在阅读，识别和空间导航中。 2）确定解决这些问题的现有研究障碍以及潜在的研究解决方案。 3）举办一个研讨会，以达成共识，以获得中心的教育和康复优先事项。 4）将这些计划纳入一个完整的中心建议中。由于它对人性的内在重要性，因此，视觉是一个模型系统，适用于对发展，神经科学，认知和行为以及人工智能感兴趣的研究人员。视觉障碍的学生或客户以及为视觉受损人员设计自适应技术的工程师和计算机科学家，视觉工作者和康复专家也是一个主要关注的话题。在大多数情况下，这两个社区 - 视觉研究人员，视觉教育者和工程师 - 几乎没有互动，留下了将大量的研究发现转化为可视化受损的人的生活质量改善的生活质量的机会。三个新兴的视力研究为弥合这一海湾的基础 - 感知学习，大脑可塑性和机器学习。这三个领域的最新进展推翻了普遍的观点，即在短暂的早期关键时期，人类的视力在结构上被冻结。在整个人类的寿命中，视觉系统（大概是其他神经系统）开始被视为可修改的思想变化。在什么时间尺度上以及在哪个级别的特异性上，要解决的关键问题的修改程度如何。