Collaborative Research: ANDRILL - - Investigating Antarctica's Role in Cenozoic Global Environmental Change

合作研究：ANDRILL - - 调查南极洲在新生代全球环境变化中的作用

• 批准号: 0342484
• 负责人: David Harwood
• 金额: $ 1297.82万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0342484&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ANDRILL; Investigating; Antarctica

ANDRILL is a scientific drilling program to investigate Antarctica's role in global climate change over the last sixty million years. The approach integrates geophysical surveys, new drilling technology, multidisciplinary core analysis, and ice sheet modeling to address four scientific themes: (1) the history of Antarctica's climate and ice sheets; (2) the evolution of polar biota and ecosystems; (3) the timing and nature of major tectonic and volcanic episodes; and (4) the role of Antarctica in the Earth's ocean-climate system. This award initiates what may become a long-term program with drilling of two previously inaccessible sediment records beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf and in South McMurdo Sound. These stratigraphic records cover critical time periods in the development of Antarctica's major ice sheets. The McMurdo Ice Shelf site focuses on the Ross Ice Shelf, whose size is a sensitive indicator of global climate change. It has recently undergone major calving events, and there is evidence of a thousand-kilometer contraction since the last glacial maximum. As a generator of cold bottom water, the shelf may also play a key role in ocean circulation. The core obtained from this site will also offer insight into sub-ice shelf sedimentary, biologic, and oceanographic processes; the history of Ross Island volcanism; and the flexural response of the lithosphere to volcanic loading, which is important for geophysical and tectonic studies of the region.The South McMurdo Sound site is located adjacent to the Dry Valleys, and focuses on the major ice sheet overlying East Antarctica. A debate persists regarding the stability of this ice sheet. Evidence from the Dry Valleys supports contradictory conclusions; a stable ice sheet for at least the last fifteen million years or an active ice sheet that cycled through expansions and contractions as recently as a few millions of years ago. Constraining this history is critical to deep-time models of global climate change. The sediment cores will be used to construct an overall glacial and interglacial history for the region; including documentation of sea-ice coverage, sea level, terrestrial vegetation, and melt-water discharge events. The core will also provide a general chronostratigraphic framework for regional seismic studies and help unravel the area's complex tectonic history.The broader impacts of this project include formal and informal education, new research infrastructure, various forms of collaboration, and improving society's understanding of global climate change. Education is supported at the postdoctoral, graduate, undergraduate, and K-12 levels. Teachers and curriculum specialists are integrated into the research program, and a range of video resources will be produced, including a science documentary for television release. New research infrastructure includes equipment for core analysis and ice sheet modeling, as well as development of a unique drilling system to penetrate ice shelves. Drill development and the overall project are co-supported by international collaboration with scientists and the National Antarctic programs of New Zealand, Germany, and Italy. The program also forges new collaborations between research and primarily undergraduate institutions within the United States. As key factors in sea-level rise and oceanic and atmospheric circulation, Antarctica's ice sheets are important to society's understanding of global climate change. ANDRILL offers new data on marine and terrestrial temperatures, and changes our understanding of extreme climate events like the formation of polar ice caps. Such data are critical to developing accurate models of the Earth's climatic future.

安德里尔（Andrill）是一项科学钻探计划，旨在调查南极洲过去600万年在全球气候变化中的作用。该方法集成了地球物理调查，新的钻井技术，多学科核心分析和冰盖建模，以解决四个科学主题：（1）南极洲气候和冰盖的历史； （2）极性生物群和生态系统的演变； （3）主要的构造和火山发作的时间和性质； （4）南极在地球气候系统中的作用。该奖项启动了可能成为一项长期计划，并在McMurdo Ice Bhelf和South McMurdo Sound下方钻了两个以前无法接近的沉积物记录。这些地层记录涵盖了南极主要冰盖发展的关键时期。 McMurdo Ice Beshelt遗址重点放在Ross Ice架子上，Ross Ice架子的大小是全球气候变化的敏感指标。它最近发生了重大产犊事件，自上次冰川最大值以来，有千公里收缩的证据。作为冷底水的发电机，架子也可能在海洋循环中起关键作用。从该站点获得的核心还将深入了解亚冰架子沉积，生物学和海洋学过程。罗斯岛火山的历史；岩石圈对火山负荷的弯曲反应，这对于该地区的地球物理和构造研究很重要。SouthMcMurdo Sound位置位于干山谷附近，并着重于覆盖东南极洲东部的主要冰盖。关于此冰盖的稳定性的辩论仍然存在。干山谷的证据支持矛盾的结论；至少在过去的1500万年中，一个稳定的冰盖或一个活跃的冰盖，该冰盖在几百万年前就通过扩张和收缩而循环。限制这一历史对于全球气候变化的深度模型至关重要。沉积物核心将用于为该地区建造整体冰川和冰川间历史。包括有关海冰覆盖范围，海平面，陆地植被和熔融水排放事件的文件。该核心还将为区域地震研究提供一般的年度地层学框架，并帮助揭开该地区复杂的构造历史。该项目的更广泛影响包括正规和非正式教育，新的研究基础设施，各种合作形式，以及社会对全球气候变化的理解。教育在博士后，研究生，本科和K-12水平得到了支持。教师和课程专家都集成到研究计划中，并将制作一系列视频资源，包括电视发行的科学纪录片。新的研究基础设施包括用于核心分析和冰盖建模的设备，以及开发独特的钻井系统以穿透冰架。钻探开发和整个项目由与科学家以及新西兰，德国和意大利国家南极计划的国际合作共同支持。该计划还建立了研究与主要是美国本科机构之间的新合作。作为海平面上升，海洋和大气循环的关键因素，南极的冰盖对社会对全球气候变化的理解至关重要。安德里尔（Andrill）提供了有关海洋和陆地温度的新数据，并改变了我们对极端气候事件的理解，例如形成极性冰盖。这样的数据对于开发地球气候未来的准确模型至关重要。