SENSORS: Optical Whispering-Gallery Modes for Diverse Sensing Applications

传感器：适用于多种传感应用的光学回廊模式

• 批准号: 0329924
• 负责人: Albert Rosenberger
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Oklahoma State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-10-01 至 2007-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0329924&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SENSORS; Optical; Whispering; Gallery; Modes

This Sensor proposal focuses on transparent fused-silica microspheres, which supportwhispering-gallery modes (WGMs)- light trapped by total internal reflection and orbiting justbeneath the surface. These modes, excited by optical tunneling from an adjacent tapered fiber,have an evanescent component outside the surface and a very sharp frequency resonance (highQ). The mode amplitude and resonant frequency can be very sensitive to changes in themicroresonator's environment, and thus enable sensing of, for example: strain, acceleration,thermal effects, trace gases, chemicals, and modifications of the surface.This project will: further develop and advance previously-demonstrated methods ofWGM evanescent-wave sensing of trace gases in the atmosphere and chemicals in solution;extend earlier applications of WGM microsensors, in measuring thermal and absorptiveproperties, to the characterization of transparent thin films; pursue novel techniques that enablethe multiplication of sensitivity enhancements, by combining effects such as modal interferencewith WGM microsensing; and apply to WGM microresonators methods of surface preparationthat have proved useful in fiber sensors for gases, chemicals, and biological agents. Inaccomplishing these objectives, all aspects of the project will benefit from: improving controland coupling techniques, utilizing various redundant measurements to characterize WGMs,studying the effects of changing system configurations, and expanding the numerical modelingof the microsensors. Specific parts of the project will involve: implementing wavelength-modulationspectroscopy with the WGM locked to resonance with a frequency-scanning laser,and ruggedizing the sensor by attaching the coupler(s); measuring the thermal accommodationcoefficient and optical absorption coefficient of a thin film coating the microresonator; usingcavity ringdown of the scattered light, and applying controlled multimode-taper coupling to theWGMs of the microresonator, to amplify its absorption-detection sensitivity; and combiningsurface-enhanced Raman scattering with WGMs by coating the microresonator with a thin filmcontaining gold nanoparticles, as well as using the techniques of surface coating with xerogels orantibodies for biosensing.Intellectual Merit: Even a supposedly well-understood system can exhibit novelbehavior under extreme conditions, or when interacting with another system. The exquisitelyhigh Q of a WGM provides extreme conditions here, and interactions between WGMs andsurface or coupling effects give a multiplication of sensitivity-enhancement factors.Broader Impacts: The graduate students involved will be learning fundamental physicsas well as becoming grounded in real-world applications; they will also be directly involved indissemination of results through conference presentations and peer-reviewed journalpublications. This work will benefit the University's multidisciplinary Photonics degreeprograms and its interdepartmental Center for Sensors and Sensor Technologies. The sensingtechniques to be developed here have many potential benefits to society, as has already beenrecognized by the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, NASA'sMarshall Space Flight Center, and Nomadics, Inc., through their support of and collaboration onrelated work.

该传感器提案的重点是透明的融合 - 二元微球，该微球支持旋转助剂模式（WGMS） - 被整个内部反射和旋转表面的光所捕获的光。这些模式是通过从相邻锥形纤维中进行的光学隧道激发的，在表面外部具有渐态的成分和非常清晰的频率共振（HighQ）。模式振幅和谐振频率可能非常敏感到主题环境的变化，因此可以感知：应变，加速度，热效应，痕量气体，化学物质，化学物质和地表的修饰。在大气和化学物质中的痕量气体传感的先前预示的方法在测量透明薄膜的表征中，对大气和化学物质中的痕量气体传感；扩展了WGM微传感器的早期应用；通过结合诸如模态干扰与WGM微敏化之类的效果，追求可增强灵敏度增强的新型技术；并适用于WGM微孔子的表面制备方法，事实证明，对气体，化学物质和生物学剂的纤维传感器有用。在这些目标上进行了误解，该项目的所有方面都将受益于：改进控制和耦合技术，利用各种冗余测量来表征WGM，研究不断变化的系统配置的效果，并扩展微传感器的数值建模。该项目的特定部分将涉及：实现波长 - 调节光谱镜检查，WGM锁定以与频扫描激光共振，并通过连接耦合器（S）来共振传感器；测量薄膜涂层微孔子涂层的热容量效率和光吸收系数；使用散射光的电路响起，并将受控的多模式式耦合施加到微孔子的WGM上，以扩大其吸收检测灵敏度；通过用薄膜固定的金纳米颗粒涂上微孔子，以及使用与Xerocels or凝集凝胶的表面涂层的技术来生物启用，以表现出良好的条件，在极端的条件下，与Xerogels Orantibodies涂上表面涂层的技术，可以在极端的条件下表现出新的Bebehavior，并使用薄膜含金纳米颗粒以及使用表面涂层的技术来表现出良好的情况，并使用薄膜含金纳米颗粒，并使用薄膜含金纳米颗粒，并使用薄膜的金纳米颗粒，并使用薄膜含金纳米颗粒，并使用薄膜含金纳米颗粒，并使用薄膜含金纳米粒子，并使用薄膜含金纳米颗粒，并使用薄膜涂层的技术，在极端的条件下，与WGMS结合。 ，或与另一系统交互时。 WGM的精美高Q在这里提供了极端条件，WGM和表面或耦合效应之间的相互作用会产生敏感性 - 增强因素的倍增。BOADER的影响：所涉及的研究生将是学习基本物理学，既可以学习基本的物理学，又在现实世界中扎根于现实世界应用；他们还将通过会议演讲和同行评审的期刊发布直接涉及结果。这项工作将使大学的多学科光子学脱发图及其传感器和传感器技术部门间中心受益。在这里要开发的Sensingtechniques对社会具有许多潜在的好处，正如俄克拉荷马州科学技术发展中心已经认识到的，NASA'SMARSHALL SPACK FLIGHT FLIGHT CENTRE和NOMADICS，INC。 。