SGER: The Making of a Science -- Eight Pioneers in Bioelectromagnetics

SGER：一门科学的诞生——生物电磁学的八位先驱

• 批准号: 0318834
• 负责人: Nandita Nair
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Nair Nandita R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0318834&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Making; Science; Eight; Pioneers

Project AbstractSES 0318834Nandita Nair, Independent Scholar"The Making of a Science-Eight Pioneers in Bioelectromagnetics"The objective of this project is to record extensive videotaped interviews with eight American scientists who have done breakthrough research in the field of Bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectromagnetics is an area of scientific enquiry which examines the effects of electric and magnetic fields and low-frequency electromagnetic radiation on biological systems. The relationship of electricity and magnetism to life has been a subject of scientific interest for hundreds of years. In the 1950's, incidental observations regarding the health effects of field exposure during military communication systems research prompted a reexamination of what scientists had for years viewed as completely mapped territory regarding the interaction of electromagnetism and living things. With epidemiological studies conducted in the 1960's and 70's, Bioelectromagnetics began to emerge as a distinct research field. Over the last forty years, Bioelectromagnetics has grown out of bold and often controversial research conducted by a few dozen scientific pioneers working in areas as diverse as medicine, physics, biology, chemistry, electrical engineering, weapons development, neuroscience, psychiatry and the space program. The eight scientists to be interviewed in this project are the senior-most and most innovative and influential members of this group: Orthopedic surgeon, Robert Becker; physicists Abraham Liboff, Allan Frey, Ted Litovitz and Ed Leeper; psychologist, Nancy Wertheimer; physician, W. Ross Adey; and electrochemist, Arthur Pilla. Each of these scientists has been integral in laying the foundation for present-day Bioelectromagnetics. There is a high degree of urgency to this project, as most of the scientists to be interviewed are of advanced years. All remain active and vital contributors to the field and all are eloquent and reflective in speaking about their work, the work of others, and the lessons they have learned about the relationship of science to politics and culture. This project will be planned and executed by an experienced interdisciplinary team uniquely qualified to undertake this type of research: -- a physicist, well versed in the history and science of Bioelectromagnetics; a historian of technology with a specialization in oral history; and a filmmaker experienced in documentary videography for archival purposes. The team will develop a research and production protocol which will serve not only as a guideline for these eight interviews, but also as a template for use in creating future additions to the project. A digital video format will be used, to create broadcast and archival quality video documents that can be duplicated without degeneration of image and sound quality, and which will allow for the greatest number of options in document storage and accessibility. A full written transcript of each interview will also be made. And a workbook of this production template will be made available for use by other researchers interested in using digital video in their work. At a later stage, the team will form a partnership with Carnegie Mellon University's Informedia Group, developers of video storage and retrieval software systems, to create a larger, permanent, fully cross-referenced, captioned and Internet accessible computer-based archive of interviews, articles and animated models illustrating scientific principles pertaining to Bioelectromagnetics. In this way, the proposed project serves both as an independent research project of lasting value, and as a critical first stage of a larger educational endeavor. Interviews with these eight pioneers in Bioelectromagnetics present a unique opportunity to record the first-person accounts of individuals who not only made key contributions to their respective fields, but who found themselves participants in the exciting and precarious creation of a new science. The videos will serve as invaluable primary source materials for students and teachers, scientists, historians and sociologists alike. They will bring together in one place, and in a single accessible and engaging format, clear explanations of the theoretical underpinnings of the various, cross-disciplinary aspects of Bioelectromagnetics research, while also affording a rare inside look at the creative process of the scientist, and the ongoing social, political and personal processes by which a new science seeks to establish itself.

项目摘要SES 0318834Nandita Nair，独立学者“科学的形成——生物电磁学的八位先驱”该项目的目的是记录对在生物电磁学领域做出突破性研究的八位美国科学家的广泛采访录像。 生物电磁学是一个科学探究领域，研究电场、磁场以及低频电磁辐射对生物系统的影响。 数百年来，电和磁与生命的关系一直是科学界关注的主题。 20 世纪 50 年代，在军事通信系统研究过程中偶然观察到现场暴露对健康的影响，促使人们重新审视多年来科学家们认为电磁与生物相互作用的完全绘制的领域。 随着 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代流行病学研究的开展，生物电磁学开始成为一个独特的研究领域。 在过去的四十年里，生物电磁学是由几十位科学先驱进行的大胆且经常引起争议的研究发展而来的，这些研究涉及医学、物理、生物学、化学、电气工程、武器开发、神经科学、精神病学和太空计划等不同领域。本项目接受采访的八位科学家是该群体中最资深、最具创新性和影响力的成员：骨科医生罗伯特·贝克尔（Robert Becker）；物理学家亚伯拉罕·利博夫、艾伦·弗雷、特德·利托维茨和埃德·利珀；心理学家南希·韦特海默；医生，W. Ross Adey；和电化学家阿瑟·皮拉。 这些科学家中的每一位都为当今生物电磁学奠定了基础。 该项目非常紧迫，因为接受采访的大多数科学家都已年过古稀。 他们仍然是该领域的积极和重要贡献者，并且在谈论他们的工作、他人的工作以及他们在科学与政治和文化的关系方面学到的经验教训时，所有人都雄辩而反思。 该项目将由经验丰富的跨学科团队规划和执行，该团队具有独特的资格进行此类研究： - 一位物理学家，精通生物电磁学的历史和科学；专门研究口述历史的技术史学家；以及一位在存档用途的纪录片拍摄方面经验丰富的电影制片人。 该团队将制定一份研究和生产协议，该协议不仅可以作为这八次采访的指南，而且还可以作为用于创建项目未来补充内容的模板。 将使用数字视频格式来创建广播和档案质量的视频文档，这些视频文档可以在不降低图像和声音质量的情况下进行复制，并且将在文档存储和可访问性方面提供最大数量的选项。 每次采访的完整书面记录也将被制作。 该制作模板的工作簿将可供有兴趣在工作中使用数字视频的其他研究人员使用。 稍后，该团队将与视频存储和检索软件系统开发商卡内基梅隆大学的 Infomedia Group 建立合作伙伴关系，创建一个更大的、永久的、完全交叉引用的、有字幕的、可通过互联网访问的基于计算机的采访档案，说明与生物电磁学相关的科学原理的文章和动画模型。 通过这种方式，拟议的项目既可以作为具有持久价值的独立研究项目，也可以作为更大的教育事业的关键第一阶段。 对这八位生物电磁学先驱的采访提供了一个独特的机会来记录这些人的第一人称叙述，他们不仅对各自的领域做出了关键贡献，而且发现自己参与了令人兴奋和不稳定的新科学创造。 这些视频将成为学生和教师、科学家、历史学家和社会学家等宝贵的主要来源材料。 它们将以一种易于理解和引人入胜的形式将生物电磁学研究的各个跨学科方面的理论基础清晰地解释在一个地方，同时还提供了对科学家创作过程的罕见内部观察，以及新科学寻求建立自身的持续的社会、政治和个人过程。