ATOL: Collaborative Research: Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life

ATOL：合作研究：组装真菌生命之树

• 批准号: 0228671
• 负责人: David McLaughlin
• 金额: $ 51.08万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0228671&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ATOL; Collaborative; Research; Assembling; Fungal

0228671McLaughlinFungi make up one of the major lineages of life, and include important decay organisms and pathogens of humans, plants, and animals. There are roughly 80,000 described species of Fungi, but the actual diversity in the group has been estimated to be as high as 1.5 million species. This collaborative project by five major investigators and their numerous colleagues worldwide will generate the first global synthesis of the phylogenetic history of the fungi, which is necessary to expand our knowledge of the history of life on Earth as well as the origin of ecosystems and adaptive features that can have a direct impact on human health. Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (the AFToL project) will significantly enhance our understanding of the fungal kingdom, especially ancient relationships that are not resolved among the chytrids, zygomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes. The AFToL project will develop large data sets of molecular and non-molecular (morphological, anatomical, life-history) characters, which will be accessible via the world-wide web in continuously updated databases. Molecular characters to be acquired include DNA sequences for seven nuclear genes sampled from approximately 1500 species, representing all major groups of Fungi. Nonmolecular characters to be sampled include cellular machinery associated with nuclear and cell division and cell wall biochemistry. The AFToL project will be based in five laboratories at four universities with the core responsibilities of the participating laboratories as follows: David Hibbett (Clark University), collection of molecular data from Basidiomycota; Francois Lutzoni (Duke University), collection of molecular data from Ascomycota including lichens and bioinformatics; David McLaughlin (University of Minnesota), collection and databasing of morphological characters; Joseph Spatafora (Oregon State University), collection of molecular data from Ascomycota; and Rytas Vilgalys (Duke University), collection of molecular data from Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota. The AFToL project will involve more than 115 members of the international fungal systematics community in 23 countries for all stages of the project, from selection of taxa to collection and analyses of data. It will be the policy of the AFToL project that all validated data will be released via the web as soon as they have been generated. Fungi play crucial ecological roles as decayers, mutualistic symbionts, and pathogens, including pathogens of humans. The economic significance of fungi is almost incalculable; they perform vital "ecological services" and their functional roles are the subject of diverse applied disciplines, including agriculture, medicine, and drug discovery, to name just a few. A phylogenetic database for Fungi will facilitate the creation of powerful diagnostic and forensic tools for environmental surveys and other applications, and will enable the discovery of the many fungal species that remain undescribed. Training and outreach activities are an important aspect of the AFToL project and will take several forms including graduate and post-doctoral training, support for visiting graduate students, undergraduate training, summer courses for high school teachers, and website resources for K-12 educators.

0228671Mclaughlinfungi构成了生命的主要谱系之一，其中包括人类，植物和动物的重要衰减生物和病原体。大约有80,000种真菌的物种，但该组的实际多样性估计高达150万种。这项由五名主要研究人员及其全球众多同事的合作项目将产生对真菌的系统发育历史的首个全球综合，这对于扩大我们对地球生命历史以及生态系统和适应性特征的起源的了解是必要的，这可能会对人类健康产生直接影响。组装生命的真菌树（AFTOL项目）将显着增强我们对真菌王国的理解，尤其是在chytrid，zygomycetes，zygomycetes，ascomycetes和basidiymomycetes中无法解决的古代关系。 AFTOL项目将开发大型数据集的分子和非分子（形态学，解剖学，生活历史）字符，在连续更新的数据库中，可以通过世界范围的Web访问它们。要获得的分子特征包括从大约1500种采样的七个核基因的DNA序列，代表所有主要的真菌群。要采样的非分子特征包括与核和细胞分裂以及细胞壁生物化学相关的细胞机制。 AFTOL项目将基于四所大学的五个实验室，其核心责任是：David Hibbett（Clark University）（Clark University），《基于Basidiomycota》的分子数据； Francois Lutzoni（杜克大学），来自comcomycota的分子数据收集，包括地衣和生物信息学；戴维·麦克劳克林（David McLaughlin）（明尼苏达大学），形态特征的收集和数据表；约瑟夫·斯帕塔福拉（Joseph Spatafora）（俄勒冈州立大学），来自Ascomycota的分子数据；和Rytas Vilgalys（杜克大学），《 Chytridiomycota和zygomycota》的分子数据收集。 AFTOL项目将在23个国家 /地区的所有阶段，从选择分类单元到收集和数据分析的23个国家 /地区的国际真菌系统社区的115多名成员。 AFTOL项目的政策将是所有已验证的数据一旦生成，将通过网络发布。真菌作为腐烂者，相互共生体和病原体（包括人类的病原体）起着至关重要的生态作用。真菌的经济意义几乎是不可估量的。他们执行至关重要的“生态服务”，其功能角色是各种应用学科的主题，包括农业，医学和药物发现，仅举几例。真菌的系统发育数据库将有助于为环境调查和其他应用创建强大的诊断和法医工具，并能够发现许多仍然未描述的真菌物种。培训和外展活动是AFTOL项目的重要方面，将采用几种表格，包括研究生和博士后培训，对来访研究生的支持，本科培训，高中老师的夏季课程以及K-12教育者的网站资源。